{"id":69659,"date":"2022-06-21T10:51:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T14:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=69659"},"modified":"2022-06-29T09:04:44","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T13:04:44","slug":"amygdala-function-psychology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/","title":{"rendered":"The Amygdala’s Function: Psychology 101"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is the function of the amygdala? What behavior does the amygdala govern? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amygdala is a little almond-shaped structure located in\u00a0the brain’s medial temporal lobe. Its main function is to respond to threats, whether real or perceived. The amygdala activates very fast, often overriding logic and rationality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here’s a look at the amygdala’s function and the psychology behind its workings. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The Amygdala: Fear and Aggression<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The amygdala is part of the limbic system<\/a>, the \u201cmiddle\u201d level of the brain, and controls our feelings of fear, anxiety, and aggression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sapolsky says that our brains will naturally organize people into two groups: \u201cus\u201d and \u201cothers\u201d (sometimes you might hear this as \u201cin-group\u201d and \u201cout-group\u201d). We feel positive emotions<\/a> (pride, empathy, love, and so on) toward people whom we\u2019ve determined are like us, and negative emotions (hatred, fear\u2014emotions controlled by the amygdala) toward those we\u2019ve decided are \u201cothers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notably, the amygdala can activate much more quickly than the neocortex, meaning that our fear and hostility response to an \u201cother\u201d is automatic. The logic-based neocortex will then (hopefully) override that response. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To illustrate the point, Sapolsky shares a study where subjects were shown images of people of different races while hooked to a brain scanner. People\u2019s amygdalas would activate upon seeing such an image for just one-tenth of a second\u2014too short a time for the subjects to even identify what they\u2019d just seen, or to consciously feel their response to it. If the image remained onscreen for longer, the frontal cortex would then kick in and soothe the aggressive response. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other Functions of the Amygdala<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In psychology, the amygdala’s function is associated with fear and the classic \u201cfight or flight\u201d response. However, recent research suggests its functions may be more complex<\/a> than simply identifying and responding to threats, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evaluating stimuli<\/strong>. In other words, determining whether they\u2019re positive or negative, and therefore what kind of emotional response is needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Memory. <\/strong>The amygdala may be involved in processing and storing memories that have strong emotional components. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Addiction. <\/strong>Some experiments have found that stimulating the amygdala increases subjects\u2019 desire for addictive drugs. One study found that rats would work about three times harder for cocaine<\/a> when the drug was paired with stimulating the amygdala; conversely, when the amygdala was deactivated, they didn\u2019t want the cocaine at all. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Social interaction. <\/strong>Though the exact reasons aren\u2019t yet understood, researchers have found that amygdala damage can impair our social skills<\/a> and our ability to empathize with others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Responses to Stress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stress increases amygdala function while suppressing the frontal cortex\u2014in other words, it makes us more prone to reflexive, habitual, and selfish behavior, and less able to regulate that behavior with logic and reason. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, Sapolsky says that one of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to behave aggressively toward someone else. For example, someone who\u2019s stressed out at work is more likely to lash out verbally or physically at \u201csafe\u201d targets like a spouse or a child, because that helps relieve the stress. Note that Sapolsky does not excuse this behavior; he\u2019s merely offering a partial explanation of the neurology behind it.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Effects of Chronic Stress<\/a><\/strong>

While short-term stress can make us unpleasant (or even dangerous) to be around, long-term stress<\/a> is known to have devastating effects on the body and mind. Mayo Clinic says that chronic stress\u2014and long-term exposure to stress-related hormones such as cortisol\u2014can lead to numerous health problems<\/a>, including:

– Anxiety and depression<\/a>
– Heart disease
– Insomnia
– Memory loss

Furthermore, unhealthy stress management techniques<\/a> like drinking alcohol and overeating only compound these problems. Instead, Mayo Clinic recommends learning some healthy coping mechanisms like working out, or indulging in a hobby. 

In When the Body Says No<\/em><\/a>, physician and psychologist Gabor Mat\u00e9 also discusses some of the diseases<\/a> that chronic stress can give rise to, including multiple sclerosis<\/a>, irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis, and even cancer. According to Mat\u00e9, many of these diseases appear more frequently and more severely in people who suffered childhood trauma and neglect, and he argues that they must be cured with a holistic treatment regimen that encompasses physical, mental, and emotional health<\/a>. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is the function of the amygdala? What behavior does the amygdala govern? The amygdala is a little almond-shaped structure located in\u00a0the brain’s medial temporal lobe. Its main function is to respond to threats, whether real or perceived. The amygdala activates very fast, often overriding logic and rationality. Here’s a look at the amygdala’s function and the psychology behind its workings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":60995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[652],"class_list":["post-69659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-behave","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Amygdala's Function: Psychology 101 - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The amygdala is part of the limbic system in the \u201cmiddle brain.\u201d Learn about the amygdala's function and the psychology behind its workings.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Amygdala's Function: Psychology 101\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The amygdala is part of the limbic system in the \u201cmiddle brain.\u201d Learn about the amygdala's function and the psychology behind its workings.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-21T14:51:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-29T13:04:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/neural-pathways-in-the-brain.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"375\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"The Amygdala’s Function: Psychology 101\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-21T14:51:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-29T13:04:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/\"},\"wordCount\":714,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/neural-pathways-in-the-brain.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Behave\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/amygdala-function-psychology\/\",\"name\":\"The Amygdala's Function: Psychology 101 - 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