{"id":6840,"date":"2020-01-28T07:33:54","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T11:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=6840"},"modified":"2022-03-24T15:50:42","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T19:50:42","slug":"ekman-facs-facial-action-coding-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ekman-facs-facial-action-coding-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekman\u2019s FACS (Facial Action Coding System)\u2014How It Works"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is Paul Ekman&#8217;s FACS (facial action coding system)? What can it teach you about how transparent our emotions really are? Can you read someone&#8217;s feelings on her face?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll cover how Paul Ekman&#8217;s FACS system works and why you shouldn&#8217;t always judge people&#8217;s feelings or intentions by their facial expressions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transparency and How It Works<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facial expressions are one of the primary ways that we interpret a stranger\u2019s feelings<\/strong> (because we mistakenly assume that a person\u2019s demeanor is an accurate representation of his feelings).&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paul Ekman&#8217;s FACS: Facial Action Coding System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychologist Jennifer Fugate is an expert in the system of coding facial actions (referred to here as FACS). FACS assigns a name, or \u201caction unit,\u201d to each of the 43 possible muscle movements of the face. This action unit is used to notate and score people\u2019s facial expressions like music is scored by notes on a page. For example:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The kind of soft, insincere-<em>seeming <\/em>smile you would get from a flight attendant has a score of AU 12, based on the facial motions used to create that expression: Pulling up the corners of the lips, and leaving the rest of the face still.&nbsp;<\/li><li>A genuine-<em>seeming <\/em>smile has a score of AU 12 plus<em> <\/em>AU 6. The corners of the lips pull up <em>and <\/em>the cheeks raise to crinkle the eyes.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to note that these smiles only <em>seem <\/em>to be insincere or genuine based on how they look. People\u2019s expressions are not always transparent, as discussed below. Ekman&#8217;s FACS can&#8217;t identify what feeling is prompting a facial expression, or whether or not that facial expression is sincere.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<strong>FACS and <em>Friends<\/em><\/strong><br><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Friends <\/em>is one of the most successful and recognizable shows of all time\u2014in part because the characters are completely transparent. To prove the connection between transparency and the success of <em>Friends, <\/em>Jennifer Fugate watched the first scene of season five, episode 15 and performed a FACS (facial action coding system) analysis of each character\u2019s expressions throughout.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the beginning of the episode, Ross sees Chandler and Monica in a romantic moment. This is significant because Chandler is Ross\u2019s best friend and Monica is Ross\u2019s sister. Ross rushes to Monica\u2019s apartment to bust in and stop them. He is frantic. Joey and Rachel come into the scene, while Chandler hides behind Monica to stay out of Ross\u2019s warpath. Monica and Chandler announce that they are in love. Slowly, Ross comes around to being happy for them.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That might seem like a lot to keep up with, but <em>Friends <\/em>is incredibly easy to follow. <em>Why is that? <\/em>Because the characters are transparent, as Jennifer Fugate proved with her FACS reading of the scene.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Results of the FACS Reading<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the moment that Ross sees Chandler and Monica embrace, his face reads: upper-lip raise, lower-lip depress, lips part, and jaw drop\u2014all at the highest intensity rating. This is the stereotypical look of anger and disgust.<\/li><li>In the moment that Monica tells Ross she\u2019s sorry for surprising him but that she\u2019s in love with Chandler, her face reads: 1 + 2, which communicates classic sadness, then eyebrow raise, then the AU 12 flight attendant smile. This combines to express that she is sad to upset Ross, but happy to be with Chandler.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In that same moment, Ross\u2019s face reads: 1 + 2, classic sadness, then 1 + 12, the beginnings of happiness. His sadness has shifted into joy when he sees that Monica is happy.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Fugate\u2019s FACS (facial action coding system) reading proves that the actors in <em>Friends <\/em><strong>portray every emotion their character goes through inwardly directly through their facial expressions\u2014the characters are completely transparent<\/strong>. The show\u2019s popularity is evidence that people <em>like <\/em>dealing with transparent people (and characters). Transparency makes people and their stories easier to understand.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>When we meet strangers, we tend to believe that they\u2019ll be as transparent as the characters on <em>Friends<\/em>. This is the \u201c<em>Friends<\/em> Fallacy.\u201d It\u2019s a fallacy because real life isn\u2019t like an episode of <em>Friends<\/em>. In reality, strangers often aren\u2019t transparent. So why do we assume they are?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Paul Ekman&#8217;s FACS (facial action coding system)? What can it teach you about how transparent our emotions really are? Can you read someone&#8217;s feelings on her face? We&#8217;ll cover how Paul Ekman&#8217;s FACS system works and why you shouldn&#8217;t always judge people&#8217;s feelings or intentions by their facial expressions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,9],"tags":[69],"class_list":["post-6840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-psychology","tag-talking-to-strangers","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ekman\u2019s FACS (Facial Action Coding System)\u2014How It Works - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is Paul Ekman&#039;s FACS (facial action coding system)? 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