{"id":67882,"date":"2022-06-10T04:18:45","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T08:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=67882"},"modified":"2022-06-11T04:29:22","modified_gmt":"2022-06-11T08:29:22","slug":"what-happens-in-the-small-intestine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-happens-in-the-small-intestine\/","title":{"rendered":"What Happens in the Small Intestine?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What happens in the small intestine? What is the role of the small intestine in the digestive process? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The small intestine\u2019s job is to absorb the food particles found in chyme into the bloodstream. From there, the particles travel throughout the body, providing fuel for our cells and building important structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn how the job of the small intestine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-small-intestine\">The Small Intestine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What happens in the small intestine during digestion? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three important parts to the small intestine\u2019s job: 1) breakdown, 2) absorption, and 3) cleanup. Let\u2019s look at each in turn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-step-1-enzymes-and-digestive-juices-break-down-chyme\"><strong>Step 1: Enzymes and Digestive Juices Break Down Chyme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enders explains that as the chyme enters the small intestine, the liver and pancreas release enzymes and digestive juices through a small hole called the duodenal papilla. These juices break down any food that wasn\u2019t fully broken down in the stomach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-step-2-villi-and-microvilli-absorb-nutrients\"><strong>Step 2: Villi and Microvilli Absorb Nutrients<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once digestive juices and enzymes have broken down the chyme even further, what happens next is that the small intestine begins to absorb macronutrient molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do so, Enders explains, the small intestine has a massive surface area, full of twists, turns, and folds. Tiny, fingerlike protrusions called <em>villi<\/em><strong> <\/strong>pepper its surface, joined by their smaller relatives, <em>microvilli<\/em>. Enders claims that if all of these folds, villi, and microvilli were ironed out into a straight, smooth line, it would measure four and a half miles in length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Enders&#8217;s presentation of this statistic is slightly misleading. Her point is that the small intestine <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/human-digestive-system\/Absorption\">has a massive <em>surface area<\/em><\/a>. However, in doing so, she conflates surface area and length. Most estimates place the <em>length<\/em> of our small intestine at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.edu\/our-services\/transplant\/intestine\/education\/about-small-large-intestines\">around 22 feet, or 0.004 miles.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synchronized by bioelectric pulses, the villi and microvilli move the chyme through the small intestine. <strong>They also absorb carbohydrate and amino acid molecules into the bloodstream.<\/strong> These molecules then travel to the liver, which filters out bad particles such as toxins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whereas carbohydrates and amino acids directly enter the bloodstream, fat must take a different route. Enders explains that our villi and microvilli can\u2019t absorb fat because it\u2019s not soluble in water. Instead, our <em>lymphatic system<\/em> brings fat from our gut directly to our heart, which then pumps it to the liver for screening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Fat going \u201cdirectly to the heart\u201d sounds scary given the connection between the overconsumption of unhealthy fats and heart disease. However, the structure of our lymphatic system is not the reason that fat can cause heart disease. Instead, a recent study suggests that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aba3683\">food high in saturated fat makes us more susceptible to harmful bacteria<\/a>. These bacteria can damage our small intestine and make it harder to absorb saturated fat, increasing the risk of heart disease.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-step-3-a-wave-of-leftovers-cleans-the-small-intestine\"><strong>Step 3: A Wave of Leftovers Cleans the Small Intestine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>About an hour after digestion, the stomach happens to send whatever leftovers remain into the small intestine. Enders describes this as a wave that cleans the gut, creating the gurgling sound that we often associate with hunger. (Shortform note: The technical term for this gurgling sound is \u201cborborygmi,\u201d and it can be louder or more frequent depending on the amount of gas in the gut.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What happens in the small intestine? What is the role of the small intestine in the digestive process? The small intestine\u2019s job is to absorb the food particles found in chyme into the bloodstream. From there, the particles travel throughout the body, providing fuel for our cells and building important structures. Keep reading to learn how the job of the small intestine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":67967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,160],"tags":[633],"class_list":["post-67882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-science","tag-gut","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Happens in the Small Intestine? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Have you ever wondered why your stomach growls? Turns out, it&#039;s because of what happens in the small intestine. 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