{"id":67870,"date":"2022-06-06T14:10:48","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T18:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=67870"},"modified":"2022-06-13T09:42:30","modified_gmt":"2022-06-13T13:42:30","slug":"gut-in-human-body","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/gut-in-human-body\/","title":{"rendered":"The Function of the Gut in the Human Body"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is the gut? What function does the gut serve in the body? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Your gastrointestinal tract starts in the mouth and ends at the anus. The gut serves a number of important functions in the body, including breaking down food into its constituent nutrients, regulating the microbiome, and eliminating waste. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here’s how your gut works and why it\u2019s important to keep it healthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

How the Gut Works<\/strong> in Humans’ Bodies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

What is the purpose of the gut in the human body? The gut is an intricate system of organs, muscles, and bacteria. Its job is to break down the food that you eat into nutrients. Your body then uses these nutrients to store energy, build important structures, and keep you healthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 3 Nutritional Building Blocks<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Before exploring how the gut breaks down food, we first need to introduce the three nutritional building blocks: carbohydrates, fat, and amino acids (proteins). <\/strong>These building blocks are also known as macronutrients<\/em> (macro- meaning \u201clarge\u201d) because our bodies need large amounts of them to survive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On a molecular level, Enders explains, different combinations of the three macronutrients<\/a> make up all of the food that we eat. Your gut\u2019s job is to break your food down into those tiny molecular components. Then it absorbs those molecules into the bloodstream and uses them to fuel your cells, store energy, and build important structures such as hormones, muscles, and DNA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Digestive System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The three nutritional building blocks we\u2019ve just described play crucial roles in storing energy, powering cells, and building bodily structures. However, to receive these benefits, your digestive system<\/em> must first break down food into molecules that you can absorb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enders explains that digesting food is a complex process that requires all of the organs in the gut to work together and perform their precise functions. <\/strong>Here we’ll describe this process from start to finish, detailing the role of each organ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Mouth<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

We tend to think the human body’s gut begins in the abdomen. However, Enders maintains that the mouth is actually the first stop in the digestion process. When we eat food, the mouth begins to break it down by releasing saliva and chewing. The mouth also protects us from unwelcome bacteria that we encounter in everyday life. <\/strong>These functions take place in two places: the salivary glands and the tonsils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Esophagus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

When we swallow food, it enters our esophagus. The esophagus transports the food from the mouth to the stomach. <\/strong>Enders explains that the esophagus is ringed by muscles that propel the food downward by constricting and then relaxing. This results in a wave-like motion called \u201cpropulsive peristalsis.\u201d This motion isn\u2019t dependent on gravity. In other words, food makes it to your stomach even when you\u2019re upside down!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Stomach<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

At the beginning of the gut, your mouth starts to break down food by chewing it. The stomach\u2019s job in the gut of the human body is to break down the food even more, making it easier to digest.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are two parts to this job. First, the stomach produces acid. According to Enders, it begins to do so before the food is even in the esophagus. Stomach acid helps heat the chewed-up food and break its molecular bonds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the stomach receives food from the esophagus, it begins to alternately contract and relax. This creates what Enders describes as a swinging motion, which churns the food together with the stomach acid, further breaking it down. According to Enders, this churning process usually takes around 2 hours. It takes less time for liquids and simple carbs, but longer for proteins and fats. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Small Intestine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

When the stomach is done with your food, it no longer resembles what you put in your mouth. Instead, it\u2019s a pulp of nutritious carbohydrates, fats, and proteins called chyme<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The small intestine\u2019s job in the gut is to absorb the food particles found in chyme into the bloodstream.<\/strong> From there, as we\u2019ve already noted, the particles travel throughout the body, providing fuel for our cells and building important structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are three important parts to the small intestine\u2019s job: breakdown, absorption, and cleanup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Large Intestine and Appendix<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Enders notes that the small intestine<\/a> is remarkably efficient at absorbing food particles. However, it can\u2019t process everything. This is where the large intestine<\/em> comes in: Helped by a huge population of bacteria, its job is to digest nutrients that the small intestine can\u2019t absorb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attached to the large intestine is the appendix. Despite its reputation as a useless organ, Enders argues that the appendix helps digestion by maintaining the gut\u2019s population of healthy bacteria in the human body.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Final Part of the Gut: Pooping<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Even after the large intestine\u2019s job is done, there are some substances that your body can\u2019t or won\u2019t absorb. These substances appear in your poop. We generally think of pooping as a simple, mundane act. However, Enders maintains that it\u2019s a fascinating and complex process<\/strong>. Here, we\u2019ll provide a brief explanation of this process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enders explains that pooping works through a negotiation between our internal and external sphincters:<\/strong> muscles that prevent the contents of our guts from leaking. We consciously control the external sphincter, but not the internal one. In other words, the internal sphincter can open and close without our brains telling it to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When we need to poop (or fart), the internal sphincter lets out a little bit of liquid (or gas). The external sphincter then sends a message to the brain, telling it that we\u2019re ready to release our bowels. The brain then decides whether to open the external sphincter and let out the poop (or gas) or keep the sphincter closed until later.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is the gut? What function does the gut serve in the body? Your gastrointestinal tract starts in the mouth and ends at the anus. The gut serves a number of important functions in the body, including breaking down food into its constituent nutrients, regulating the microbiome, and eliminating waste. Here’s how your gut works and why it\u2019s important to keep it healthy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":67966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,160],"tags":[633],"class_list":["post-67870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-science","tag-gut","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Function of the Gut in the Human Body - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorbing and digesting all the food you eat. 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