{"id":67618,"date":"2022-06-13T05:34:59","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T09:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=67618"},"modified":"2022-06-14T05:56:20","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T09:56:20","slug":"niklas-luhmann-zettelkasten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/niklas-luhmann-zettelkasten\/","title":{"rendered":"Niklas Luhmann: Zettelkasten’s Origin Story"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is the Zettelkasten note-taking system? How is Zettelkasten superior to the traditional note-taking methods? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Zettelkasten (also known as the slip-box) system was invented by Niklas Luhmann, an incredibly productive German sociologist. Not only did Luhmann publish nearly 60 books within his lifetime, but he also has several posthumously-published books to his name\u2014thanks to the ideas he collected within his slip-box.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keep reading to learn about the origins of Luhmann’s Zettelkasten note-taking method<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The Origins of the Zettelkasten System<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Luhmann was vocal about how the Zettelkasten system helped his productivity. However, the system only gained popularity within a small niche, which Ahrens attributes to two main reasons. The first is primarily linguistic: Since Luhmann was German, most of the publicly available information about his system was in German.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: If you do speak German, reviewing the digitized version of Luhmann\u2019s Zettelkasten<\/a> in conjunction with his published works may help you gain a more thorough understanding of his system.)\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second, as Ahrens argues, people misunderstood the system: They focused solely<\/em> on the zettelkasten and not the overall <\/em>workflow dictated by the Zettelkasten. Since they didn\u2019t understand how to use the zettelkasten system to its full advantage, they were never as productive as promised\u2014and the system never gained the popularity it deserved.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: It\u2019s possible people haven\u2019t focused on the workflow because it\u2019s hard to see. Many modern users, notably researcher Andy Matuschak, have published their Zettelkasten online<\/a>. However, since they don\u2019t publish the drafts of their publications, you can\u2019t see exactly<\/em> how the notes within the Zettelkasten turn into a publishable manuscript\u2014so it\u2019s not as easy to understand how that part of the process works.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niklas Luhmann’s Zettelkasten: Paper or Digital?  <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

While Niklas Luhmann’s Zettelkasten was an analog system, Ahrens recommends a digital one. We\u2019ll first look at why Ahrens prefers the digital version of the Zettelkasten. Then, we\u2019ll see why you might want an analog version anyway\u2014and what you\u2019ll need to keep in mind if you do. Finally, we\u2019ll explain why you should have a digital version of the reference system\u2014no matter which Zettelkasten version you pick.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahrens recommends having a digital system because it\u2019s generally more efficient<\/strong>. You can access digital notes anywhere; you can only access a physical Zettelkasten if you\u2019re standing next to it. If you go the digital route, Ahrens recommends Daniel L\u00fcdecke\u2019s Zettelkasten<\/a>: It\u2019s free, user-friendly, and works across multiple platforms.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, using an analog system has undeniable benefits. Writing temporary notes on paper is generally the most efficient and portable method.<\/strong> Also, if you write them all in the same notebook, it\u2019s easy to know where you\u2019ve collected all your notes so that you can go through them at the end of the day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: There are several different ways to set up your digital Zettelkasten<\/a> system. For example, many users set up slip-boxes in Obsidian<\/a>. You might also consider digitizing only part of your Zettelkasten system: For example, if you, like 81% of Americans<\/a>, already own a smartphone, writing temporary notes in a notes app may be easier than lugging around an extra notebook. Alternatively, you might start with an analog system and then move on to a digital system, as some users recommend: They explain that while digital systems are more efficient, starting with an analog system helps you learn the fundamentals.)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, one study suggests that handwriting improves your understanding of what you\u2019re writing\u2014so when creating literature notes, handwriting may help you clarify your understanding of the text. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you go the analog route, Ahrens recommends using A6 cards for each literature and evergreen note you create. You\u2019ll also need a place to store your notes in your Zettelkasten. Niklas Luhmann used a card catalog cabinet, but something as simple as a shoebox will also work.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Other users of the system recommend changing your card size based on the size of your storage space, noting that A6 cards work best with a smaller box.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whether you use a digital or a physical version of Niklas Luhmann’s Zettelkasten, Ahrens urges you to keep your reference system at least partly digital<\/strong>: Even if you create your literature notes by hand, you should have their bibliographic information in a digital format because most academics and nonfiction writers draft their work on a computer. By using plugins like Zotero, you can easily collect bibliographical information with just a few clicks. Zotero also integrates with several word processing tools (like Microsoft Word) which can make tracking and editing citations within your final work much easier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is the Zettelkasten note-taking system? How is Zettelkasten superior to the traditional note-taking methods? The Zettelkasten (also known as the slip-box) system was invented by Niklas Luhmann, an incredibly productive German sociologist. Not only did Luhmann publish nearly 60 books within his lifetime, but he also has several posthumously-published books to his name\u2014thanks to the ideas he collected within his slip-box.\u00a0 Keep reading to learn about the origins of Luhmann’s Zettelkasten note-taking method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":51783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,15],"tags":[631],"class_list":["post-67618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-education","tag-how-to-take-smart-notes","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nNiklas Luhmann: Zettelkasten's Origin Story - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the Zettelkasten note-taking system? 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