{"id":64920,"date":"2022-04-12T14:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T18:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=64920"},"modified":"2022-04-19T12:37:17","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T16:37:17","slug":"salad-oil-scandal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/salad-oil-scandal\/","title":{"rendered":"The Salad Oil Scandal &#038; a Wall Street Bailout"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What was the Salad Oil Scandal? How did it\u2014and the JFK assassination\u2014lead to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/2008-bank-bailout\/\">Wall Street bailout<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was November 1963. Ira Haupt &amp; Co. was in trouble. The firm had borrowed millions to invest in a company that turned out to be a fraud. Ira Haupt &amp; Co. was about to go bankrupt, and its shareholders&#8217; money was at risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about this historic scandal and subsequent bailout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scandal-bailout\">Scandal &amp; Bailout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>John Brooks narrates that, in November 1963, one of the NYSE\u2019s member firms was in dire straits:<strong> Ira Haupt &amp; Co. had borrowed millions from various US and UK banks to invest in Allied Crude Vegetable Oil &amp; Refining Co.,<\/strong> a company involved in the speculation of commodity futures contracts, particularly in cottonseed and soybean oil. (Shortform note: A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/c\/commodityfuturescontract.asp\">commodity futures contract<\/a> is an agreement to buy or sell commodities\u2014food, energy, or metals\u2014at a specific price on a specified future date. Cottonseed and soybean oil are important ingredients in salad oil, and so this case came to be known as the \u201cSalad Oil Scandal.\u201d)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The firm used Allied\u2019s warehouse receipts as collateral; however, when oil prices dropped and Ira Haupt &amp; Co. attempted to sell the Allied contract, the firm discovered that the receipts\u2014amounting to $22.5 million\u2014were counterfeit and, therefore, worthless. (Shortform note: A man named <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tino_De_Angelis\">Anthony \u201cTino\u201d De Angelis owned Allied<\/a>, and the salad oil scandal wasn\u2019t his first scam. He had previously defrauded the U.S. government through the National School Lunch Act. De Angelis served a seven-year jail term for the Allied affair and, upon his release, started an unsuccessful Ponzi scheme.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With massive debts and insufficient capital reserves, Ira Haupt &amp; Co. was on the brink of insolvency; its 20,000 stock market customers were in danger of losing their money due to the firm\u2019s reckless investment in a fraudulent company. The situation was exacerbated by news of JFK\u2019s assassination, which sent the market into a tailspin. NYSE officials worried that the combined effect of the death of a president, the news of innocent investors losing millions, and the potential loss of public trust in the Exchange might lead to an unmitigated financial disaster. A Wall Street bailout was the answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: This perfect storm of unfortunate events is what former options trader <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nassim-nicholas-taleb\/\">Nassim Nicholas Taleb<\/a> might classify as a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-black-swan\">black swan<\/a>.\u201d He writes that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/black-swan-theory\/\">black swans<\/a> are extremely unpredictable events that are rare and disproportionately impactful. While some people\u2014like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/principles-life-and-work\/part-1#lesson-3-his-study-of-history-was-incomplete\">Bridgewater\u2019s Ray Dalio<\/a>\u2014believe that studying history helps us predict future events, Taleb argues that some events are completely random and, thus, inherently unpredictable.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brooks writes that the NYSE convinced its member firms to put up a total of $9.5 million to reimburse Ira Haupt &amp; Co.\u2019s customers\u2019 investments. As the market was closed for a day for JFK\u2019s funeral, NYSE officials also had enough time to negotiate with Ira Haupt &amp; Co.\u2019s U.S. and U.K. creditor-banks for more manageable terms. The banks agreed to cut their losses, eventually recovering only about half of what they were owed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While the NYSE insisted that its rescue of Ira Haupt &amp; Co. shouldn\u2019t set a precedent, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1964\/02\/10\/archives\/big-boards-new-role-rescue-of-haupt-customers-termed-precedent-with.html\">it did put new measures in place:<\/a> The NYSE assigned a committee to determine how to better prepare for similar scenarios in the future and considered establishing a reserve fund to help other insolvent member firms. Such plans had their pros\u2014protecting small investors\u2014as well as their cons\u2014potentially encouraging member firms to take even bigger risks.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What was the Salad Oil Scandal? How did it\u2014and the JFK assassination\u2014lead to a Wall Street bailout? It was November 1963. Ira Haupt &amp; Co. was in trouble. The firm had borrowed millions to invest in a company that turned out to be a fraud. Ira Haupt &amp; Co. was about to go bankrupt, and its shareholders&#8217; money was at risk. Keep reading to learn about this historic scandal and subsequent bailout.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":64923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,39],"tags":[607],"class_list":["post-64920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-history","tag-business-adventures","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Salad Oil Scandal &amp; a Wall Street Bailout - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In November 1963 the Salad Oil Scandal put Ira Haupt &amp; Co. and its shareholders at risk. 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