{"id":63727,"date":"2022-03-27T09:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=63727"},"modified":"2022-04-06T14:42:38","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T18:42:38","slug":"snap-decisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/snap-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"The Power of Snap Decisions: Decide, Don’t Think"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

How do we make snap decisions? In what circumstance is it a good idea to make a snap decision, trusting your gut<\/a>? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Snap decisions are made on the fly\u2014unconsciously, without rational deliberation. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing. According to Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Blink<\/em>, in some circumstances, it’s better to decide on the fly than to deliberate on how to proceed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keep reading to learn about the power of snap decision-making<\/a>, why some snap decisions are better than others, and how to make better snap decisions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

How Do We Make Snap Decisions?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We usually think of snap decisions as lazy, superficial, and probably wrong. But are they really? Gladwell argues that snap judgments can be just as good as\u2014or even better than\u2014the decisions that we make by analyzing a situation<\/a> carefully. According to Gladwell, both logical, conscious decision-making and snap judgments have their time and place. <\/strong>Our brain uses two broad strategies for making decisions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strategy #1: Conscious Thinking <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This thinking is also known as rational decision-making<\/a>. When we think consciously, we use past experiences and current information to make a decision<\/a> logically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strategy #2: Unconscious Thinking <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This thinking is also known as the adaptive unconscious, intuition, <\/strong>or making snap judgments<\/strong>. When we think unconsciously, we make decisions without understanding why, or sometimes even without realizing we\u2019ve made them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gladwell says we use these two different thinking strategies in different situations.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professional Intuition Selectively Improves Our Snap Decisions<\/strong>

When we use the love lab<\/a> analogy for thin-slicing<\/a>, we can immediately see why some snap decisions are better than others. If your unconscious mind<\/a> has had enough experience in a particular area to build up an accurate, well-organized database, your snap decisions will draw on this database and are likely to be sound. But if you\u2019re a novice in a particular area, your database will probably be small and not very accurate: a recipe for bad decisions.

Psychologist Gary Klein came to a similar conclusion in his work on the role of experience in rapid decision-making. Klein was interested in experienced firefighters, who have to make fast, potentially life-or-death decisions under pressure. He found that over time, these firefighters had built up an unconscious \u201cprototype\u201d of a typical building fire.<\/a> When the prototype and the situation matched, their decisions were so rehearsed that they didn\u2019t feel like decisions at all. But when the situation didn\u2019t match the prototype, they got a \u201cfeeling\u201d that something was wrong, which led to a different decision. 

For example, one lead firefighter took his team into a burning house, and they started hosing down the place they thought the fire was coming from. But the water didn\u2019t work. He also noticed that the house was unusually hot and that he couldn\u2019t hear the usual roar of flames. Not knowing what was going on, he decided to evacuate his team from the house. Less than a minute later, the floor they had been standing on collapsed. This fire chief said he\u2019d had a \u201csixth sense\u201d about the need to evacuate\u2014but Klein says that he made the call because his unconscious mind had noticed a mismatch with the prototype. 

This work suggests that the quality of our snap decision-making is domain-specific. We wouldn\u2019t, for example, expect a firefighter who makes exceptional snap decisions about burning buildings to be particularly good at analyzing marriages.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How Can We Improve Our Snap Decisions?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Most of us think we can\u2019t control our snap reactions. This assumption is both wrong and defeatist. Gladwell argues that we can<\/em> improve our instinctive decision-making<\/a> through deliberate training and by slowing down.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gladwell proposes two strategies<\/strong> for improving our snap decisions: We can rehearse and we can practice mind-reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strategy #1: Rehearse<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Gladwell suggests that you practice making decisions, especially in environments and circumstances that mimic stressful situations. For example, rehearse your upcoming job interview or presentation in an environment that mirrors the actual event as closely as possible. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Norman Doidge argues in The Brain That Changes Itself<\/em><\/a> <\/em>that when you practice something, you\u2019re increasing your brain\u2019s efficiency in executing the task. New tasks are cognition-heavy, recruiting a massive number of neurons across different brain areas<\/a>. Practice helps our brains determine which networks or neurons are best suited for the task and lock in their responses, freeing up cognitive capacity for more and more challenging versions of the task.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strategy #2: Practice Mind Reading<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

As Gladwell explains, we read people\u2019s minds by gathering information<\/a> from their faces. We can get better at understanding others, and consequently make more accurate snap judgments about them, by practicing reading people\u2019s facial expressions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Humans are highly social animals. Our brains are tuned to cues that can help us navigate the complex social world. An important part of this is being able to make good guesses about what\u2019s going on in other people\u2019s minds. (Shortform note: In psychology, this ability to construct a model of someone else\u2019s mind is called \u201cTheory of Mind.\u201d It includes keeping track of the other person\u2019s knowledge\u2014do they have the same information as I do?\u2014as well as guessing at their emotional state.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In improving mind reading, Gladwell recommends that we use microexpressions as clues to what other people are thinking. Microexpressions are expressions we make unconsciously.<\/strong> They\u2019re almost <\/em>imperceptible, lasting a fraction of a second. You might be good at broadly controlling the expressions your face makes, but you\u2019ll still make involuntary expressions that betray your true thoughts and feelings<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: The effectiveness of microexpression analysis, especially for lie detection<\/a>, is controversial. First, lies aren\u2019t always associated with microexpressions: One study found them in only around 20% of participants who had been instructed to mask or neutralize their natural expressions.<\/a> When microexpressions did occur, they were often inconsistent with the emotion being hidden.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additional Advice on Snap Decision-Making<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Throughout the book, Gladwell suggests several ways we can make better snap decisions. We should limit the amount of information we consider, avoid rationalizing, and rehearse (particularly in stressful situations). We should also be aware of how unconscious biases\u2014for example, the Warren Harding effect, sensation transference<\/a>, and the mere exposure<\/a> effect\u2014get in the way of good snap decisions and do our best to counter these biases. How else can You improve your decisions? You can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be aware of the effects of transient emotions on decision-making. <\/strong>Daniel Goleman points out in Emotional Intelligence<\/em><\/a>that when you\u2019re in a good mood, you tend to make more optimistic decisions; when you\u2019re feeling down, you make more pessimistic decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consider the cognitive biases<\/a> you\u2019re bringing to a decision. <\/strong>In Thinking, Fast and Slow<\/em><\/a>, Daniel Kahneman describes some common biases<\/a> in human cognition that relate to our thinking about money. First, we tend to judge outcomes based on a fixed cognitive reference point that feels \u201cneutral\u201d (usually our current situation). Second, we evaluate our finances in relative terms rather than absolute ones (for example, a $100 increase feels much better if you start with $100 than if you start with $900). And third, while gains feel good, losses of the same amount feel disproportionately bad. Be careful of snap decisions that come from these biases, as they may lead you astray.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn to distinguish when snap decisions are appropriate and when they\u2019re not. <\/strong>Some decisions are more suited to a fast approach, while others benefit from a more considered one (as an extreme example, consider choosing which flavor muffin to buy with your morning coffee vs. deciding whether to ask someone to marry you). For muffin decisions, snap away. For marriage decisions, a more conscious process is usually desirable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consider your approach to the decision-making process itself. <\/strong>In The Paradox of Choice<\/em>, psychologist Barry Schwartz argues that there are two main ways that people approach making decisions<\/a>: They either try to pick the very best option from a large range of options (\u201cmaximizers\u201d), or they carry a set of criteria into a decision and choose the first option that acceptably satisfies the criteria (\u201csatisficers\u201d). Maximizing<\/a> may seem like the best approach, but it turns out that compared to satisficers, maximizers are less happy, less satisfied with their lives, more depressed, and more prone to regret<\/a>. If you\u2019re a maximizer, consider test-driving the satisficer method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Should We Measure the Quality of Our Decisions?<\/strong>

Not all decisions are created equal. A decision about which flavor of potato chips is your favorite, for example, has very different ramifications than a doctor\u2019s decision about a patient\u2019s diagnosis. For trivial decisions that relate to personal preference, such as choosing a poster for your wall, it makes sense to judge the decision based on people\u2019s satisfaction with their choice after a period of time. When decision quality is measured this way, decisions based on unconscious thought come out ahead of those based on conscious deliberation<\/a>.

However, asking a doctor or patient whether they\u2019re satisfied with a particular diagnostic or treatment decision isn\u2019t the best way to measure decision quality in a medical context. More objective criteria, such as the progression of the patient\u2019s illness, are needed. Getting the balance right between satisfaction and thoroughness can be tricky: As one 2011 study found, patients are less satisfied when a clinician communicates uncertainty in their decision<\/a> (for example, if she says that there are several options for treatment and no clear best one). Clearly, the solution here isn\u2019t that doctors pretend more certainty than they feel. Instead, the authors recommend that doctors involve the patient in the decision, making it clear that some degree of uncertainty is normal.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How do we make snap decisions? In what circumstance is it a good idea to make a snap decision, trusting your gut? Snap decisions are made on the fly\u2014unconsciously, without rational deliberation. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing. According to Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Blink, in some circumstances, it’s better to decide on the fly than to deliberate on how to proceed. Keep reading to learn about the power of snap decision-making, why some snap decisions are better than others, and how to make better snap decisions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":63866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-63727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-blink","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Power of Snap Decisions: Decide, Don't Think - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Snap decisions are made on the fly\u2014unconsciously, without rational deliberation. But that's not necessarily a bad thing. 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