{"id":62989,"date":"2022-03-12T09:30:28","date_gmt":"2022-03-12T13:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=62989"},"modified":"2022-03-23T15:12:58","modified_gmt":"2022-03-23T19:12:58","slug":"colonize-the-moon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/","title":{"rendered":"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#8217;s Argument"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Is it possible to colonize the moon? How could it be done?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Famous theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking thinks that, not only can we colonize the moon, but that we should. Hawking said in his book <em>Brief Answers to the Big Questions <\/em>that humans are quickly outgrowing Earth, and they need to colonize outer space or they will go extinct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s how moon colonization could work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-we-can-colonize-the-moon-and-beyond\">How We Can Colonize the Moon and Beyond<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>But is colonizing space even possible? And if so, how do we go about it? Hawking thinks it is possible, and he suggests that we <strong>start by colonizing the moon, followed by Mars<\/strong>. He argues that the cost of a program to build bases\u2014and ultimately colonies\u2014there would amount to only a few percent of the world GDP.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, Hawking expects that the experience that we gain from building colonies on the moon and Mars, combined with future advances in propulsion technology, would eventually enable us to expand beyond our solar system. He concedes that the laws of physics make it impossible for a spacecraft to travel faster than light, but he points out that there are about a thousand stars within 30 light years of earth. Theoretically, these stars will eventually be reachable by spacecraft. If even a small percentage of these stars have habitable planets, that will give mankind a lot of new real estate to settle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Climbing Out of the Gravity Well<\/strong><br><br>Although Hawking doesn\u2019t mention it explicitly, his strategy for colonizing space appears to be based on solving the \u201cgravity well problem,\u201d which he certainly would have been familiar with as a physicist.<br><br>Basically, the \u201cgravity well problem\u201d is that it takes a tremendous amount of energy (usually in the form of a very large rocket) to launch anything into space from Earth\u2019s surface\u2014just like it would take a lot of energy to climb out of a deep well. This becomes particularly problematic if you want to move a large amount of material into space, for example to colonize another planet.<br><br>However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qrg.northwestern.edu\/projects\/vss\/docs\/space-environment\/3-whats-a-gravity-well.html\">the moon\u2019s gravity is weak enough that you can escape it much more easily<\/a>. If you had a colony on the moon, it would be much easier (and cheaper) for the lunar colonists to launch a mission to Mars or somewhere else than it would be for people on Earth. Furthermore, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/13247-moon-map-lunar-titanium.html\">moon\u2019s crust is rich in light metals like titanium and magnesium<\/a>, which could be useful in constructing spaceships.&nbsp;<br><br>This is probably why establishing a colony on the moon is the critical first step of Hawking\u2019s strategy. Once colonized, the moon would serve as an important base of operations from which to launch other space missions.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is it possible to colonize the moon? How could it be done? Famous theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking thinks that, not only can we colonize the moon, but that we should. Hawking said in his book Brief Answers to the Big Questions that humans are quickly outgrowing Earth, and they need to colonize outer space or they will go extinct. Here&#8217;s how moon colonization could work.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":63023,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,24],"tags":[591],"class_list":["post-62989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-society","tag-brief-answers-to-the-big-questions","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#039;s Argument - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The late Stephen Hawking believed that humans should colonize the moon\u2014and later, Mars. Here&#039;s his explanation of how it can be done.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#039;s Argument\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The late Stephen Hawking believed that humans should colonize the moon\u2014and later, Mars. Here&#039;s his explanation of how it can be done.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-12T13:30:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-23T19:12:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1244\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"722\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\"},\"headline\":\"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#8217;s Argument\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-12T13:30:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-23T19:12:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\"},\"wordCount\":462,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Brief Answers to the Big Questions\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\",\"name\":\"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking's Argument - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-12T13:30:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-23T19:12:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"The late Stephen Hawking believed that humans should colonize the moon\u2014and later, Mars. Here's his explanation of how it can be done.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg\",\"width\":1244,\"height\":722},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#8217;s Argument\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\",\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0302cb2690b70a21639bc6873e587f42d39d02385b7e59d8efd0d3e000ae7681?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0302cb2690b70a21639bc6873e587f42d39d02385b7e59d8efd0d3e000ae7681?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hannah Aster\"},\"description\":\"Hannah is a seasoned writer and editor who started her journey with Shortform nearly five years ago. She grew up reading mostly fiction books but transitioned to non-fiction writing when she started her travel website in 2018. When she's not writing or traveling, you can find Hannah working on home reno projects, crafting, or taking care of plants.\",\"knowsAbout\":[\"Graduated summa cum laude with a bachelor's degree in English and minors in professional and creative writing\"],\"jobTitle\":\"SEO Team Lead\",\"worksFor\":\"Shortform\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/hannah\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking's Argument - Shortform Books","description":"The late Stephen Hawking believed that humans should colonize the moon\u2014and later, Mars. Here's his explanation of how it can be done.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking's Argument","og_description":"The late Stephen Hawking believed that humans should colonize the moon\u2014and later, Mars. Here's his explanation of how it can be done.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2022-03-12T13:30:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-03-23T19:12:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1244,"height":722,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hannah Aster","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hannah Aster","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/"},"author":{"name":"Hannah Aster","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f"},"headline":"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#8217;s Argument","datePublished":"2022-03-12T13:30:28+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-23T19:12:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/"},"wordCount":462,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg","keywords":["Brief Answers to the Big Questions"],"articleSection":["Science","Society"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/","name":"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking's Argument - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-12T13:30:28+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-23T19:12:58+00:00","description":"The late Stephen Hawking believed that humans should colonize the moon\u2014and later, Mars. Here's his explanation of how it can be done.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg","width":1244,"height":722},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/colonize-the-moon\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Colonize the Moon? Stephen Hawking&#8217;s Argument"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f","name":"Hannah Aster","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0302cb2690b70a21639bc6873e587f42d39d02385b7e59d8efd0d3e000ae7681?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0302cb2690b70a21639bc6873e587f42d39d02385b7e59d8efd0d3e000ae7681?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hannah Aster"},"description":"Hannah is a seasoned writer and editor who started her journey with Shortform nearly five years ago. She grew up reading mostly fiction books but transitioned to non-fiction writing when she started her travel website in 2018. When she's not writing or traveling, you can find Hannah working on home reno projects, crafting, or taking care of plants.","knowsAbout":["Graduated summa cum laude with a bachelor's degree in English and minors in professional and creative writing"],"jobTitle":"SEO Team Lead","worksFor":"Shortform","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/hannah\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/person-on-moon.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62989"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63110,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62989\/revisions\/63110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}