{"id":61216,"date":"2022-03-03T20:14:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T00:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=61216"},"modified":"2022-03-14T10:33:13","modified_gmt":"2022-03-14T14:33:13","slug":"child-mindset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/child-mindset\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Develop Your Child’s Mindset for Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

How do role models<\/a> influence child development? How can you help your child discover their natural talents and develop their ability to persevere in spite of difficulties?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adult role models shape children\u2019s mindsets. One of the biggest influences is the feedback a child receives after attempting a difficult task. Coaching style is also important: it should be guiding (as opposed to controlling) to let the child discover their natural inclinations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here’s how feedback influences the child mindset, and how different coaching styles either support or hinder the learning process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Parents and Coaches Determine a Child\u2019s Mindset<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Masterful coaching is crucial to success. Ideally, a good mentor should teach their students to love learning and guide them as they develop their unique abilities<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waitzkin explains that kids learn how to think and feel from role models such as teachers, parents, and coaches<\/strong>. A child\u2019s mindset\u2014whether it\u2019s a growth mindset<\/a> or a fixed mindset\u2014depends on how they\u2019re raised. Specifically, it depends on the feedback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feedback that emphasizes the process<\/em> helps children develop a growth mindset<\/a>. As discussed earlier, having a growth mindset means that you attribute success to effort. Children with this mindset believe that they can develop their abilities, one step at a time<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feedback such as, \u201cGreat job studying for that test, your hard work really paid off!\u201d encourages the child to value effort<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Critics of the push for growth mindset note that most growth mindset studies use the priming effect<\/a>\u2014prompting a particular state of mind with a phrase like \u201cwow, you sure worked hard at that!\u201d\u2014and that this defies consistent replication<\/a>. One study found that college students primed with a mindset message performed no better<\/a> than the control group; another study found that growth mindset interventions are only effective if they occur in an environment that supports and encourages growth.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feedback that emphasizes innate talent<\/a> reinforces a fixed mindset<\/a><\/strong>.t communicates that success depends on your inborn abilities, rather than those that you develop. Children with a fixed mindset don\u2019t believe that they can develop their skills and tend to falter when faced with obstacles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feedback such as, \u201cWow, you\u2019re so smart!\u201d or, \u201cHuh, guess math just isn\u2019t for you,\u201d encourages the child to think of skill in a black-and-white way: You either have it, or you don\u2019t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Critics maintain that even if we assume growth mindset theory to be 100% true, it doesn\u2019t disprove the importance of innate talent<\/a>. In short, they argue that while believing in growth is beneficial, it doesn\u2019t change the fact that we all start from different places. So while Person A might work twice as hard as Person B, B could have so much natural talent to begin with that A will likely never catch up. In other words, the only thing Dweck\u2019s theory proves is that a belief in hard work tends to be helpful relative<\/em> to your natural talent.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waitzkin says that parents and coaches have a responsibility to intentionally shape children\u2019s mindsets<\/strong>. In his view, a growth mindset is far more healthy and enables kids to become resilient lifelong learners. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s possible to change mindsets, he claims\u2014if you have a fixed mindset, you aren\u2019t out of luck. Waitzkin cites a study that demonstrated how giving process-oriented versus results-oriented instructions can temporarily influence children\u2019s mindsets. In the study, the kids primed with process-oriented instructions outperformed the results-oriented group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Whether growth mindset-based interventions actually work is up for debate. Educational researcher Carl Hendrick argues that many schools have misunderstood growth mindset<\/a> as feel-good motivational fluff, and attempt to push a shallow, simplistic version of it on their students. Growth mindset has been subject to plenty of criticism over the years, and Dweck welcomes the dialogue, often acknowledging when her theory gets misinterpreted<\/a>. Further, Waitzkin doesn\u2019t offer evidence to show that these interventions last<\/em>\u2014they may simply demonstrate the priming effect<\/a>: Giving students growth-focused feedback prompts them to temporarily change their mindsets.)  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 2 Types of Coaches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coaches, Waitzkin says, can have a huge impact on a child\u2019s learning process. As guides and teachers, coaches influence not just <\/strong>what<\/em><\/strong> a child learns, but <\/strong>how<\/em><\/strong> they learn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waitzkin discusses two types of coaches: Those who control and mold, and those who guide and nurture<\/strong>. In his view, the controlling type tends to squash a young learner\u2019s natural inclinations. In contrast, the nurturing type brings out a child\u2019s unique creativity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: A parallel to Waitzkin\u2019s coaching styles is the difference between schools with a prescribed, one-size-fits-all curriculum, and Montessori schools, which facilitate individualized, student-guided learning. Below, we\u2019ll compare these schooling styles to Waitzkin\u2019s perspective on coaching.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coaching Style #1: Break down and remold. <\/strong>A coach of this style has a rigid perspective on the skill. They often espouse the conventional wisdom of the skill, claiming to have the \u201ccorrect\u201d knowledge of dos and don\u2019ts. They put all their students through one mold in an attempt to systematically produce skillful competitors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the positive side, these coaches put their students through rigorous training that instills a strong work ethic<\/a> and a solid understanding of the skill. The downside is that they tend to dismiss a student\u2019s personal style. This coach prefers his established method, which won\u2019t resonate with some students. Everyone has their own style, Waitzkin says, and a coach who doesn\u2019t recognize this risks squashing his student\u2019s greatest assets<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waitzkin describes how in his teenage years, a new chess coach trained him in a style that didn\u2019t speak to him. Because he was forced to do this, he lost his spark and grew away from chess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Waitzkin\u2019s perspective on rigid coaching dovetails with the belief of educator Sir Ken Robinson, who argued that modern schools had overly systematized the learning process<\/a>. By applying the same curriculum to every student, schools \u201ckill\u201d students\u2019 unique creativity. Both this type of schooling and coaching homogenize their student\u2019s ways of thinking, feeling, and acting, and neglect each individual\u2019s personal style. This hampers intrinsic motivation<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>which is when you engage in an activity because it\u2019s naturally rewarding to you.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coaching Style #2: Understand and nurture. <\/strong>A coach of this style views the skill with an open mind. They act as a guide for their student and, Waitzkin says, nurture the student\u2019s creative inclinations. With this support, the student can develop their own personal style while still gaining solid technical instruction.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Waitzkin describes his first coach, Bruce Pandolfini, who mentored him when he started playing chess at age 6. Pandolfini first got to know him as a human, establishing a healthy relationship that enabled more personalized instruction. Instead of fitting him through a mold, Pandolfini tailored his lessons to Waitzkin\u2019s specific needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Nurturing coaches evoke the approach of Montessori schools, where students direct their own learning trajectory based on what interests them most<\/a>. Students select their own activities during \u201cfree choice\u201d work periods, while teachers act as guides, giving individual and small-group lessons as needed. Montessori holds that this provides space for children to learn at their own pace, and helps them develop their own areas of interest. In contrast to conventional education, this approach fosters intrinsic motivation<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How do role models influence child development? How can you help your child discover their natural talents and develop their ability to persevere in spite of difficulties? Adult role models shape children\u2019s mindsets. One of the biggest influences is the feedback a child receives after attempting a difficult task. Coaching style is also important: it should be guiding (as opposed to controlling) to let the child discover their natural inclinations. Here’s how feedback influences the child mindset, and how different coaching styles either support or hinder the learning process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":43193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,9],"tags":[581],"class_list":["post-61216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parenting","category-psychology","tag-the-art-of-learning","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Develop Your Child's Mindset for Learning - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Adult role models shape children\u2019s mindsets. 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