{"id":59744,"date":"2022-02-04T14:06:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T18:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=59744"},"modified":"2022-02-14T13:01:40","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T17:01:40","slug":"irrational-decisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"The Psychology Behind Irrational Decisions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why do people <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\">make bad decisions<\/a>? How do you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/be-decisive\/\">make a decision<\/a> when there are just too many variables to consider? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many times, you make bad decisions because you don\u2019t have enough options, information, or experience to make logical ones. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/too-many-options\/\">too many options<\/a>, information, or experience can also inspire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/humans-are-irrational\/\">irrational decisions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the three situations where excess causes irrationality: 1) too much experience, 2) too many options, and 3) too much information. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-too-much-experience\"><strong>Too Much Experience<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you have a lot of experience in a particular field, <strong>you form a rubric based on your experience that you follow when identifying and fixing problems.<\/strong> This is an asset when dealing with problems in your field of expertise. However, you apply this rubric when dealing with problems outside your field of expertise, too. This leads you to make irrational decisions or use your knowledge in harmful ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, soldiers are experts in emotional regulation and efficiency. These rubrics of problem solving are essential to how soldiers think during conflict because they allow the soldiers to act quickly in high-stress situations. However, when they return home, the same rubrics that helped soldiers in the military can damage their relationships. Trying to deal with a crying toddler through emotional regulation and efficiency won\u2019t end well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To overcome this issue, Dobelli recommends <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/expand-your-knowledge\/\">expanding your knowledge<\/a> to give yourself as many rubrics of behavior as possible.<\/strong> This means you\u2019ll know the best ways to behave in a variety of fields and situations, not just the one you\u2019re an expert in. It&#8217;s especially important to compensate for any areas your existing rubrics and expertise leave undeveloped. The soldier, for example, might learn more about the benefits of emotions or how to accept people being less efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-too-many-options\"><strong>Too Many Options<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most people think that having more options to choose from is better than having fewer, Dobelli says. However, <strong>having<\/strong> <strong>too many options can be just as bad as not having enough<\/strong> for three reasons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/having-too-many-options\/\">Having too many options<\/a> paralyzes you.<\/strong> A wide range of options makes you so afraid of choosing the wrong one that you avoid any decision, Dobelli says. (Shortform note: <a href=\"https:\/\/psychminds.com\/is-there-such-a-thing-as-too-much-choice\/\">Some people tie this paralysis to loss aversion<\/a>. The more options available, the more options you <em>lose <\/em>by choosing. You fear losing the other options more than you want to gain a single option by choosing, so you don\u2019t choose.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Having too many options lowers your standards. <\/strong>Lower standards make your decision easier by lessening the analysis needed for each choice, Dobelli adds. For example, if you\u2019re overwhelmed by options for a new dishwasher, you won\u2019t look for an affordable, quiet model that\u2019s the right size with a good warranty. Instead, you\u2019ll pick whichever one is the right size, regardless of other features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: You make your choice easier by lowering your standards because you\u2019re suffering from <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/john-tierney-decision-fatigue\/\">decision fatigue<\/a><\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/cxl.com\/blog\/does-offering-more-choices-actually-tank-conversions\/#:~:text=It%E2%80%99s%20because%20they,crappy%20decision%20making.\">Analyzing your options drains your willpower<\/a>, leaving you without any willpower to make the final decision. Therefore, to make a decision, you dismiss your standards, focusing your remaining willpower on a single feature.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Having too many options inspires uncertainty.<\/strong> After making your decision, you\u2019ll be unhappy because you\u2019ll never be sure it was the right choice, Dobelli says. With so many other options available, how do you know a different dishwasher wasn\u2019t the better choice after all?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: This uncertainty stems from <a href=\"https:\/\/cxl.com\/blog\/does-offering-more-choices-actually-tank-conversions\/#:~:text=Generally%2C%20the%20more%20choices%20you%20have%2C%20the%20worse%20you%20feel%20after%20you%20buy.%20Why%3F%20Because%20your%20standards%20have%20been%20raised%2C%20and%20now%20all%20you%20can%20think%20about%20is%20how%20much%20better%20the%20other%20options%20may%20have%20been.\">buyer\u2019s remorse<\/a>. You narrow your choice criteria, as discussed above, but you don\u2019t forget about all the other options and features you\u2019re sacrificing. You <em>ignore<\/em> those options to make your choice easier, but once you\u2019ve made your decision, the knowledge of what you ignored returns, inspiring remorse and uncertainty.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How can you avoid being overwhelmed by too many options? Dobelli suggests <strong>writing down the qualities that are important to you before evaluating your options. <\/strong>This stops you from becoming overwhelmed because it lets you immediately dismiss options that don\u2019t fit your criteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: When writing down the qualities you want, be realistic about what you can actually gain. For example, if you can\u2019t afford the dishwasher that meets all your criteria, then you can\u2019t gain that dishwasher and need to broaden your scope. This mindset also applies when you\u2019re making life-changing decisions. While \u201cYou can do anything\u201d is a nice sentiment, it\u2019s not actually true: <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-defining-decade\/finding-work#:~:text=Look%20Realistically%20at%20Your%20Options,goals%3A%20the%20building%20blocks%20of%20future\">What you can do is based on your past experience and skills.<\/a> Thus, objectively evaluate your experience, skills, and options to focus on the options you can actually achieve. Doing so will ease decision anxiety and make you happier.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-too-much-information\"><strong>Too Much Information<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>People also consider having more information to be better than having less. However, too much information causes problems, too. Dobelli says <strong>an excess of information causes problems in two ways: burying basic facts and wasting time. <\/strong>When you have too much information, a lot of it\u2019s irrelevant to your situation. This irrelevant information makes it harder to access the useful, basic facts about your situation. In addition, you have to waste time unearthing those basic facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, consider an expert teaching a freshman physics class. The expert has so much information on atomic physics that he struggles to simplify his course and focus on the information the freshmen need to know: The basic facts are buried by the teacher\u2019s knowledge. In addition, the teacher wastes time discussing information beyond the freshmen\u2019s level. The students have too much complex information and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/not-enough-time-in-the-day\/\">not enough time<\/a> to understand the simpler information they actually need.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why do people make bad decisions? How do you make a decision when there are just too many variables to consider? Many times, you make bad decisions because you don\u2019t have enough options, information, or experience to make logical ones. However, too many options, information, or experience can also inspire irrational decisions. Let&#8217;s take a look at the three situations where excess causes irrationality: 1) too much experience, 2) too many options, and 3) too much information.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":59953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[576],"class_list":["post-59744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-the-art-of-thinking-clearly","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Psychology Behind Irrational Decisions - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Irrational decisions are often the result of not having enough information or experience. 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But they can also be the result of having too much.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-04T18:06:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-14T17:01:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/stress-shadow-silhouette-psychology.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"The Psychology Behind Irrational Decisions\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-04T18:06:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-14T17:01:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/\"},\"wordCount\":942,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/stress-shadow-silhouette-psychology.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Art of Thinking Clearly\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/\",\"name\":\"The Psychology Behind Irrational Decisions - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/irrational-decisions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/stress-shadow-silhouette-psychology.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-04T18:06:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-14T17:01:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Irrational decisions are often the result of not having enough information or experience. 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