{"id":59587,"date":"2022-01-31T16:34:47","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T20:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=59587"},"modified":"2022-02-06T08:25:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-06T12:25:13","slug":"thank-you-for-arguing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/thank-you-for-arguing\/","title":{"rendered":"Jay Heinrichs: Thank You for Arguing\u2014Book Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is Jay Heinrichs&#8217;s <em>Thank You for Arguing <\/em>about? What is the key message to take away from the book?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his book <em>Thank You for Arguing, <\/em>Jay Heinrichs explains not only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-persuade-people\/\">how to persuade<\/a> people to do what you want, but also how to help opposing groups find common ground, get a bully to talk himself down, and spot the faulty logic others use to manipulate you. He also discusses the importance of teaching rhetoric in schools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s a brief overview of the key themes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Thank You For Arguing,<\/em> Heinrichs aims to help you debate meaningfully, spot and call out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/weak-inductive-argument\/\">weak arguments<\/a>, and appeal to a wide audience. He hopes that if we learn these rhetorical skills that created democracy in ancient Greece and influenced America\u2019s founding fathers, we\u2019ll think more critically\u2014transforming the way we <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/political-discourse\/\">talk about politics<\/a> and helping us elect wiser, future-focused candidates rather than resorting to tribalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jay Heinrichs, a professor of rhetoric at Middlebury College, originally wrote <em>Thank You For Arguing <\/em>in 2007 to rekindle interest in the lost art of rhetoric. It\u2019s since become a <em>New York Times<\/em> bestseller and the leading modern text on rhetoric. He released a fourth updated version in 2020 to keep up with the ways political discussions are evolving, especially as social media amplifies opinions. Heinrichs notes that this book focuses more on <em>talking<\/em> politics than on politics themselves.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Should We Care About Rhetoric?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A knowledge of rhetoric\u2014the art of persuasion\u2014is valuable because persuasion shows up in <\/strong><strong><em>many <\/em><\/strong><strong>aspects of life<\/strong>, explains Heinrichs. If you\u2019ve ever spoken with a salesperson, discussed a project with colleagues, listened to a political debate, or tried to reason with your child, you\u2019ve dabbled in rhetoric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Heinrichs notes that many people don\u2019t understand rhetoric because most schools have stopped teaching it in recent decades. Yet rhetoric\u2019s importance is surging in our current <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/10\/what-peter-drucker-knew-about-2020\">knowledge economy<\/a>. Studies show that <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2019\/07\/the-art-of-persuasion-hasnt-changed-in-2000-years\">up to <em>25% of America\u2019s total income<\/em> results from persuading others to act on ideas<\/a>\u2014for example, persuading investors to put their money into your project or persuading clients to choose your services over your competitor\u2019s.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heinrichs argues that when you understand rhetoric, you can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Quickly discern what arguments are <em>really<\/em> about.<\/li><li>Skillfully sway your audience to agree with you.<\/li><li>Spot others\u2019 attempts to persuade you and deflect them.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rhetoric-s-revival\"><strong>Rhetoric\u2019s Revival<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Heinrichs acknowledges that critical thinking and meaningful argument may seem hard to come by nowadays. He notes that a glaring issue driving this sentiment is our current political landscape. (Shortform note: A recent Gallup poll shows that <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/346622\/biden-sparks-greater-party-education-gaps-predecessors.aspx\">Biden\u2019s approval rating has the largest gap between parties<\/a> of any president in recent history.) He says politics are becoming increasingly polarized due to two factors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1) No one has a clear handle on what \u201ctruth\u201d looks like anymore. <\/strong>Most people can\u2019t agree on the value of information we receive from the government, media, and scientists. Heinrichs says this is largely because modern politicians build their campaigns around feelings, tribalism, and an appeal to morals, rather than facts and truth. For example, politicians discuss issues like abortion and climate change in terms of \u201cwrong\u201d and \u201cright\u201d rather than deliberating about an agreeable path forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/georgelakoff.com\/books\/dont_think_of_an_elephant_know_your_values_and_frame_the_debatethe_essential_guide_for_progressives-119190455949080\/\"><em>Don\u2019t Think of an Elephant!<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>cognitive linguist George Lakoff explains that this framing is deliberate. Often, conservative politicians frame arguments in terms of wrong and right to appeal to their supporters\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cognitive-heuristics\/\">cognitive biases<\/a>, because they know that these biases whip people up into a defensive frenzy that helps obscure the truth of their statements.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2) Deliberative argument isn\u2019t considered effective<\/strong> against tactics like tribalism, which has become particularly dangerous to meaningful debate due to an evolving understanding of \u201cvirtue.\u201d Heinrichs explains that, whereas virtue <em>used to<\/em> refer to middle-ground, future-focused <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/integrative-decision-making\/\">decision making<\/a>, we now consider someone \u201cvirtuous\u201d if they choose a camp (or tribe) and defend their position <em>no matter what<\/em>. <strong>In modern rhetoric, compromise and consensus are not <\/strong><strong><em>goals<\/em><\/strong><strong>, but <\/strong><strong><em>weaknesses<\/em><\/strong><strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/how-democracies-die\"><em>How Democracies Die<\/em><\/a>, Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt attribute the fierce tribalism in modern politics to former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who believed in defeating his rivals\u2014not working with them. In short, he viewed politics as <em>warfare<\/em> and formed the political-action committee GOPAC to train rising Republicans to follow similar no-compromise strategies. Levitsky and Ziblatt argue that by 1994, Gingrich had achieved his goal: a Republican Party entirely committed to their agreed-upon values and opposed to compromise.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-shift-away-from-post-fact-america\"><strong>A Shift Away From Post-Fact America<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On the positive side, Heinrichs contends that as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.speechanddebate.org\/local-district-national-tournaments\/\">schools increasingly reintroduce rhetoric into their curricula<\/a>, more people will have the skills to debate meaningfully, spot weak arguments, and make decisions that benefit a wider range of people. He believes increasing rhetorical education could transform politics:<strong> Instead of depending on tribalism to succeed, candidates would have to demonstrate intelligence, disinterest, relevant experience, and a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/focus-on-the-future-not-the-past\/\">focus on the future<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Heinrichs\u2019s prediction may seem surprising\u2014youth voter turnout is often low. However, this pattern isn\u2019t due to apathy or disliking candidates, as many assume. Studies show that it\u2019s mainly due to logistics\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/circle.tufts.edu\/latest-research\/poll-young-people-believe-they-can-lead-change-unprecedented-election-cycle\">elections are largely inaccessible to youth due to timing, distance, or (in the case of mail-in ballots at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic) unclear instructions<\/a>. As young people gain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/maturity-continuum-7-habits\/\">independence<\/a> and experience, they may become better equipped, more consistent voters.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Jay Heinrichs&#8217;s Thank You for Arguing about? What is the key message to take away from the book? In his book Thank You for Arguing, Jay Heinrichs explains not only how to persuade people to do what you want, but also how to help opposing groups find common ground, get a bully to talk himself down, and spot the faulty logic others use to manipulate you. He also discusses the importance of teaching rhetoric in schools. Here&#8217;s a brief overview of the key themes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,34,15],"tags":[574],"class_list":["post-59587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-communication","category-education","tag-thank-you-for-arguing","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jay Heinrichs: Thank You for Arguing\u2014Book Overview - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In his book Thank You for Arguing, Jay Heinrichs teaches readers how to write and evaluate persuasive arguments. 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