{"id":59304,"date":"2022-01-27T11:11:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-27T15:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=59304"},"modified":"2022-02-28T09:38:22","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T13:38:22","slug":"the-art-of-happiness-dalai-lama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-art-of-happiness-dalai-lama\/","title":{"rendered":"The Art of Happiness by the Dalai Lama: Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is the Dalai Lama and Howard C. Cutler&#8217;s <em>The Art of Happiness<\/em> about? What is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/dalai-lama-advice\/\">Dalai Lama&#8217;s<\/a> advice for achieving happiness?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The Art of Happiness, <\/em>the Dalai Lama and psychiatrist Howard C. Cutler outline the Dalai Lama\u2019s beliefs on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-achieve\/\">how to achieve<\/a> greater happiness in life\u2014by training yourself to be happier. The Dalai Lama\u2019s advice for achieving happiness is unique in its simplicity and flexibility: be empathetic, accept your suffering, learn about your mind. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s a brief overview of the key ideas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-achieving-happiness-requires-training\"><strong>Achieving Happiness Requires Training<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The Art of Happiness, <\/em>the Dalai Lama and psychiatrist Howard C. Cutler outline the Dalai Lama\u2019s beliefs on how to achieve greater happiness in life\u2014by <em>training<\/em> yourself to be happier. They present four types of happiness training:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cultivating a Happiness Mindset<\/li><li>Building Strong Interpersonal Relationships<\/li><li>Working to Eliminate Suffering<\/li><li>Weaving Spirituality Into Daily Life<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: To help distinguish between a <em>capacity<\/em> for happiness and the <em>actualization<\/em> of happiness, think of a special talent, like playing the piano. Just because you have a gift for the piano doesn\u2019t mean you can play a sonata right away. You need to hone your talent through practice and education. Similarly, just because you have an innate capacity for happiness doesn\u2019t mean you know the steps to be happy. You must learn and practice.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-cultivating-a-happiness-mindset\">1. <strong>Cultivating a Happiness Mindset&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The first of the Dalai Lama\u2019s four ways to be happy is to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/change-your-thoughts\/\">change your thoughts<\/a> and state of mind to be more conducive to happiness<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Some might argue that the idea of changing your mind to be more conducive to happiness isn\u2019t realistic. Especially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/gb\/blog\/the-mindful-self-express\/201809\/how-ptsd-and-trauma-affect-your-brain-functioning\">those suffering from PTSD might experience such significant psychological hurdles<\/a> in daily life\u2014anxiety, difficulty concentrating, flashbacks, and so on\u2014that the prospect of overcoming them by changing their patterns of thought is impossibly difficult.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Happiness is a mindset you build and isn\u2019t contingent upon external characteristics, like wealth or status, says the Dalai Lama. Such factors can\u2019t confer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/lasting-happiness\/\">lasting happiness<\/a>. You see this in daily life, adds Cutler: When something great happens, like a promotion, you\u2019re temporarily elated but soon return to your normal level of contentment. Similarly, if you suffer a setback, like a breakup, the negative feelings wear off.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In science, the phenomenon the Dalai Lama and Cutler refer to\u2014the \u201cwearing-off\u201d of positive or negative emotions\u2014is called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-hedonic-adaptation\/\">hedonic adaptation<\/a>. What\u2019s more, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/psychology\/hedonic-adaptation\">when positive or negative events are repeated, they have a less pronounced effect on mood<\/a>, and mood returns more quickly to the baseline. If you keep getting promoted, for instance, the promotions will leave you less happy for less time.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dalai Lama believes there are three steps to cultivating a happiness mindset: <strong>education, development of motivation, and exertion<\/strong>. We\u2019ll look at each step individually.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Other parts of Buddhist teachings are separated into three steps comparable to the ones outlined by the Dalai Lama here. The Threefold Way, for instance, consists of first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lionsroar.com\/what-is-the-threefold-training\/\">establishing self-discipline (or ethics), then concentration (or meditation), and finally, wisdom<\/a>.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-1-educate-yourself\"><strong>Step 1: Educate Yourself<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To cultivate your happiness mindset, educate yourself both about your emotions and the circumstances that give rise to them, counsels the Dalai Lama. By doing this, <strong>you root out the <\/strong><strong><em>misunderstandings of the world<\/em><\/strong><strong> that lead to <\/strong><strong><em>negative emotions<\/em><\/strong><strong> and therefore <\/strong><strong><em>unhappiness<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To perform this educational self-analysis, think about when you\u2019re happy and unhappy. Then, consider the feelings that led to your happiness or unhappiness. You\u2019ll find that feelings like anger and hatred make you unhappy and hurt you and others, says the Dalai Lama. Because they\u2019re hurtful, you\u2019ll know these are <em>negative emotions<\/em> and that they\u2019re based on a <em>misunderstanding<\/em> of the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Education and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/karmic-law\/\">Karma<\/a><\/strong><br><br>Buddhists refer to the state of being educated about yourself as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tzuchi.us\/blog\/ignorance-and-delusion\">clear-knowing<\/a>.\u201d We can conceptualize this as \u201cwisdom.\u201d Wisdom has advantages beyond rooting out misunderstandings, negative emotions, and unhappiness: It prevents negative karma from being created.&nbsp;<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/thebuddhistcentre.com\/westernbuddhistreview\/two-meanings-karma\">Karma is positive or negative energy that lives on your \u201cresume of life.\u201d<\/a> If you intentionally do evil, you\u2019ll have bad karma on your resume, which will negatively impact your future lives: Bad karma might cause you to be reborn as a non-human being, like an animal or ghost. Such creatures are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zfts4wx\/revision\/3\">less able than humans to work toward enlightenment<\/a>, or Nirvana, and escape the cycle of rebirth.&nbsp;<br><br>If you do good, though, you\u2019ll have good karma on your resume, which will positively impact your future lives: You may be born as a human with a greater capacity to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/eckhart-tolle-enlightenment\/\">reach enlightenment<\/a> than, say, a dog. When you\u2019re wise, or clear-knowing, you\u2019re more likely to make choices that build positive karma, thereby keeping your \u201cresume of life\u201d looking good.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-2-develop-your-motivation-to-change\"><strong>Step 2: Develop Your Motivation to Change<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>After educating yourself on how and why you become happy or unhappy, the next step of cultivating a happiness mindset is to <strong>develop your <\/strong><strong><em>motivation<\/em><\/strong><strong> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/change-your-mindset\/\">change your mindset<\/a><\/strong>, advises the Dalai Lama.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simply <em>understanding<\/em> what makes you unhappy can\u2019t alone eradicate unhappiness, claims the Dalai Lama. <strong>You must <\/strong><strong><em>desire<\/em><\/strong><strong> to rid yourself of unhappiness and negative emotions<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Cutler and the Dalai Lama tell you to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-inspire-yourself\/\">motivate yourself<\/a> to change but don\u2019t provide tools for doing so. One way to cultivate motivation is to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jennifercohen\/2013\/11\/06\/motivation-is-a-muscle-the-7-best-ways-to-substantially-increase-your-productivity\/?sh=56b3d02d11c5\">write down the goals you hope to achieve<\/a>\u2014for instance, to rid yourself of ignorance. Achieving enlightenment is a long and winding path, but by writing down your goals, you help yourself stay on that path.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-3-exert-yourself-to-change\"><strong>Step 3: Exert Yourself to Change<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that you\u2019ve developed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/motivation-to-change\/\">motivation to change<\/a> your mindset, the final step of cultivating a happiness mindset is to <strong>make the <\/strong><strong><em>effort<\/em><\/strong><strong> to change<\/strong>, says the Dalai Lama. We\u2019ll discuss two strategies to make that effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: This chapter falls within the Right Effort step of the Noble Eightfold Path because the following strategies <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zf8g4qt\/revision\/3\">concern altering your <em>thinking<\/em><\/a>\u2014not, as you might think, your <em>actions<\/em>. In the book, Cutler and the Dalai Lama spend the most time on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/eckhart-tolle-meditation-mindfulness\/\">Meditation<\/a> and Wisdom parts of The Threefold Way, and little time on the Ethics part, which concerns behavior, speech, and livelihood.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategy-1-develop-your-self-worth\">Strategy #1: Develop Your Self-Worth<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the Dalai Lama, to actively cultivate your happiness mindset, <strong>develop your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/sense-of-self-worth\/\">sense of self-worth<\/a>, regardless of external circumstances<\/strong>. You don\u2019t need possessions, beauty, or titles to validate you as a human. It\u2019s important to not attach your self-worth to such things, he adds, as they can diminish over time, meaning your self-worth does the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Developing your self-worth is important for practical reasons, too: When you lack self-worth, you might engage in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/destructive-behaviors\/\">destructive behaviors<\/a> in your quest to \u201cearn\u201d your right to exist. In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/dare-to-lead-book\/\">Dare to Lead<\/a>, <\/em>Bren\u00e9 Brown writes about employees who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/dare-to-lead\/chapter-1-3\">overwork themselves to prove their worth<\/a>. This has negative consequences for the individual and the company.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategy-2-combat-negative-emotions-with-positive-ones\">Strategy #2: Combat Negative Emotions With Positive Ones<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When they arise, counter negative emotions with positive ones<\/strong>, says the Dalai Lama. For instance, when you find yourself consumed with self-reproach over a bad test grade, tell yourself that your worth isn\u2019t dependent on grades and practice kindness toward yourself.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: For Bren\u00e9 Brown, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/compassion-for-yourself\/\">self-compassion<\/a> is a key tool for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-power-of-vulnerability\/1-page-summary\">combating negative feelings<\/a>, particularly harmful perfectionism. Brown breaks self-compassion into three parts: 1) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/self-forgiveness\/\">self-forgiveness<\/a>, 2) self-awareness, and 3) recognition that you\u2019re not the only person struggling with negative feelings.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-build-strong-interpersonal-relationships\">2. <strong>Build Strong Interpersonal Relationships<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ve discussed the first form of happiness training: cultivating a happiness mindset. Now we\u2019ll turn to the second form of happiness training: building strong interpersonal relationships. First, we\u2019ll describe how our happiness is linked to other humans. We\u2019ll then outline the Dalai Lama\u2019s recommendation for establishing connectedness to others to increase our happiness.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-we-need-other-humans-to-be-happy\"><strong>We Need Other Humans to Be Happy<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dalai Lama believes that <strong>all humans are dependent on others for their wellbeing and happiness<\/strong>. To prove this, he points to the fact that others provide the material goods and services we rely on for survival. Many people built your home, made the food you eat, and contributed to your education.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Even in today\u2019s tech-driven society, in which we could survive for months without seeing another human, survival remains contingent upon the efforts of many people. Even an action as impersonal as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/personal-finance\/070215\/how-buying-amazoncom-works.asp\">ordering off Amazon requires the input of many<\/a>: those who created the algorithms that keep warehouses stocked, those who keep your information safe, those who fulfill your order and deliver it to your home, and so on.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-form-many-intimate-relationships\"><strong>Form Many Intimate Relationships<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Since other humans are integral to your happiness, it\u2019s essential to form strong connections with them. The type of connection you forge matters: According to the Dalai Lama, you should <strong>establish <\/strong><strong><em>intimacy<\/em><\/strong><strong> between yourself and <\/strong><strong><em>many<\/em><\/strong><strong> different people.<\/strong> Humans have defined intimacy differently across cultures and time, and there\u2019s no overarching definition. In this book, Cutler and the Dalai Lama propose that an intimate relationship is one in which you\u2019re open with the other person and experience a connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: It\u2019s true that the level of intimacy you establish with others matters to your happiness. Someone with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/emotional-nourishment\/201612\/why-we-need-each-other\"><em>many<\/em> <em>loose<\/em> connections can feel lonelier<\/a> than someone with only a <em>few<\/em> <em>close<\/em> friends. Similarly, relationships marked by conflict and a lack of trust can fail to provide a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/sense-of-connectedness\/\">sense of connection<\/a>. However, individuals also have different tolerances for alone time and therefore, someone with a few close friends might still long for more connection because they don\u2019t enjoy being alone. Optimizing your social life is a balancing act, so listen to your unique needs.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-work-to-eliminate-suffering\">3. <strong>Work to Eliminate Suffering<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The third form of happiness training is working to eliminate suffering. <strong>&nbsp;Suffering is an inescapable fact of life<\/strong>, says the Dalai Lama. Everyone suffers, and attempts to free yourself from it\u2014like through excessive drinking, drug use, or eating\u2014provide only temporary relief or exacerbate the suffering. What\u2019s worse, often, the destructive ways you avoid suffering become part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/your-genius\/\">who you are<\/a>. If you habitually transform your suffering into anger towards others, you become an angry person.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: It\u2019s easy for suffering to lead to bad habits\u2014as the Dalai Lama suggests\u2014because of how the brain forms habits. According to Charles Duhigg in <em>The Power of Habit, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-power-of-habit\/part-1\">habits begin as conscious choices<\/a>\u2014to avoid suffering, for instance\u2014which become automated loops. The reward at the end of the loop reinforces its validity, and the loop becomes a habit. For instance, you might suffer during a bad meeting with your boss and take your anger out on your family, which gives you relief. The relief reinforces the helpfulness of this loop in your mind, and it becomes a habit.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-suffering-is-inherent-why-talk-about-it\"><strong>If Suffering Is Inherent, Why Talk About It?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Viewing suffering as a fact of life may seem like it just causes more suffering, rejoins Cutler. It therefore might seem best to avoid thinking or talking about suffering.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Many people take Cutler\u2019s avoidance approach to unpleasant areas of their lives. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/avoidance-coping-and-stress-4137836\">avoiding problems by procrastinating<\/a>, ruminating, or behaving passive-aggressively usually only exacerbates the problem. Avoidance thus typically leads to suffering on all levels of your life.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But there\u2019s additional context in the Buddhist tradition that makes this discussion of suffering not only valuable but necessary, says the Dalai Lama. <strong>Buddhists believe that you can <\/strong><strong><em>eliminate <\/em><\/strong><strong>suffering<\/strong>. In Buddhist philosophy, ignorance, hatred, and craving create suffering. When you start eliminating those root causes of suffering, you move toward <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/freedom-from-suffering\/\">freedom from suffering<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The Dalai Lama discusses your ability to eliminate suffering but doesn\u2019t discuss what will happen once you do this. In Theravada Buddhism, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/arhat\">once you\u2019ve eliminated suffering, you become an arhat<\/a>\u2014someone who\u2019s attained Nirvana, spiritual enlightenment. There are four stages of becoming an arhat, each one involving the elimination of different cravings, forms of anger, and types of ignorance.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-to-free-yourself-from-suffering-accept-your-suffering\"><strong>To Free Yourself From Suffering, Accept Your Suffering<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Acceptance of suffering is the first, integral step toward eliminating it<\/strong>, says the Dalai Lama. If you can\u2019t accept that life <em>is <\/em>suffering, you\u2019ll only ever apply spot solutions to your suffering\u2014like the destructive forms of numbing described above. You won\u2019t free yourself from its root causes of ignorance, hatred, and craving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Acceptance is also an important step in addiction recovery programs, usually seen as <a href=\"https:\/\/futuresrecoveryhealthcare.com\/blog\/how-to-stay-sober\/\">the first, foundational step on the road to recovery<\/a>. It encompasses acceptance of your addiction and how it\u2019s affected your life, acceptance of yourself and your flaws, and acceptance of the challenges you\u2019ll encounter as you recover from your addiction.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-weave-spirituality-into-daily-life\">4. <strong>Weave Spirituality Into Daily Life<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dalai Lama\u2019s fourth and final form of happiness training is weaving spirituality into daily life. According to the Dalai Lama, weaving spirituality into your life means <strong>taking every opportunity in your day-to-day to practice a spiritual teaching or derive a spiritual lesson<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Science confirms the Dalai Lama\u2019s belief that spirituality makes you happier: Studies have shown that those who have spirituality or religion in their lives <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/4856978\/spirituality-religion-happiness\/\">tend to be happier and less depressed and anxious<\/a> than those who don\u2019t.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Practice whatever form of spirituality you subscribe to, says the Dalai Lama: a religious spirituality, guided by the tenets of a religion, or a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/secular-spirituality\/\">secular spirituality<\/a>, guided by the values of kindness, compassion, and so forth.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: There\u2019s debate over whether Buddhism itself is a religion or a philosophy. Those who believe it\u2019s a religion do so because Buddhism, like other religions, proposes that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lionsroar.com\/is-buddhism-a-religion-november-2013\/\">there\u2019s a single, true reality (Nirvana)<\/a>. Those who believe Buddhism is a philosophy argue that Buddhism doesn\u2019t propose a single reality, but rather some <em>testable<\/em> propositions to eradicate suffering from your lie.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the Dalai Lama and Howard C. Cutler&#8217;s The Art of Happiness about? What is the Dalai Lama&#8217;s advice for achieving happiness? In The Art of Happiness, the Dalai Lama and psychiatrist Howard C. Cutler outline the Dalai Lama\u2019s beliefs on how to achieve greater happiness in life\u2014by training yourself to be happier. The Dalai Lama\u2019s advice for achieving happiness is unique in its simplicity and flexibility: be empathetic, accept your suffering, learn about your mind. Here&#8217;s a brief overview of the key ideas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":15900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,21,6],"tags":[571],"class_list":["post-59304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-philosophy","category-spiritual","tag-the-art-of-happiness","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Art of Happiness by the Dalai Lama: Overview - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Art of Happiness presents the Dalai Lama\u2019s Buddhist approach to achieving happiness in life. 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