{"id":58566,"date":"2022-01-18T12:22:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T16:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=58566"},"modified":"2022-01-26T11:42:27","modified_gmt":"2022-01-26T15:42:27","slug":"stoic-suffering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/stoic-suffering\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cause of Suffering: The Stoic Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is the Stoic take on suffering? How does subjective perception<\/a> cause suffering? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Stoics, suffering is, to a great extent, the result of our inability to see things as they are. In contrast, Stoics view events neutrally\u2014that is, they observe only the facts of any given situation, without judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is how our inability to see things as they are leads to unnecessary suffering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Suffering Is Our Own Doing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In our everyday lives, we assign meaning to everything that happens to us, judging events to be either good or bad. According to Ryan Holiday, the positive or negative judgments we make about the events in our lives are nothing more than illusions\u2014they\u2019re often detached from reality. We invent narratives of cause and effect that aren\u2019t true, convincing ourselves that external occurrences have far greater power over us than they really do. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holiday argues that in reality, these subjective judgments themselves are what cause much of our suffering<\/strong>. Stoics, however, strive to see things as they are. As the Stoic philosopher Seneca put it<\/a>, we suffer more often in imagination than in reality. By simply learning to see these events objectively, as neither good nor bad, we spare ourselves a great deal of pain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, imagine you hear a rumor that the company you work for is operating at a loss and several employees need to be fired. You fear you\u2019re going to lose your job and begin to panic. Holiday would argue that the risk of getting fired isn\u2019t the problem\u2014your warped, negative view of the situation, causing fear and panic, is the problem<\/strong>. This rumor isn\u2019t necessarily an unfortunate turn of events: You don\u2019t know that it\u2019s true, or that you would be one of the employees fired. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even if you are fired, there\u2019s a chance you might immediately find a better job, and getting fired will have been one of the best things to ever happen to you. By fearing the worst, you\u2019re suffering unnecessary emotional stress that makes it more difficult to work toward a solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seeing events objectively, as Stoics see them, doesn\u2019t come naturally\u2014Holiday frames it as a skill you need to intentionally hone. Whenever you catch yourself lamenting over your own misfortune, stop and remind yourself that there\u2019s no such thing as misfortune<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Is About Cultivating Objectivity<\/strong>

Holiday\u2019s claim that subjective perceptions cause most of our suffering has significant support from the field of psychology. In the popular branch of psychotherapy known as cognitive behavioral therapy, or \u201cCBT,\u201d a patient and therapist work together to identify the patient\u2019s harmful and inaccurate perceptions of reality; replace them with healthier, more realistic beliefs; and build habits of responding to negative emotions in constructive ways.

In Feeling Great<\/em><\/a>, psychiatrist David Burns explains that people who suffer from anxiety and depression<\/a> experience the types of distorted, irrational negative thoughts that Holiday mentions. For example, they overgeneralize, telling themselves that because they did one thing wrong, they are \u201cbad people\u201d doomed to make things worse for the rest of their lives. Or, they \u201cdiscount the positive,\u201d devaluing their successes and claiming that they don\u2019t really count. Burns agrees with Holiday that seeing things objectively is a trainable skill, and for this reason, he offers readers many exercises to help them perceive events without judgment.<\/a>The success of cognitive behavioral therapy in clinical settings supports Holiday\u2019s argument about the power of perspective. A meta-analysis of over a hundred independent studies found that cognitive behavioral therapy is indeed effective<\/a>, especially in treating anxiety disorders, stress disorders, bulimia, and problems with anger control.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Even Death Isn\u2019t Necessarily Bad<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stoics believe that no<\/em> situation is objectively good or bad, without exception<\/em>. This includes the condition that many see as the universal curse of humanity: our own mortality. Holiday argues that the reality that we\u2019re going to die someday\u2014perhaps even today\u2014is a neutral fact, like anything else, that we can choose to interpret however we wish<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holiday points out that the fact we\u2019re going to die actually offers us a number of benefits, as long as we see the situation objectively enough to notice and claim them. An awareness that our days are numbered actually makes many things easier for us\u2014we\u2019re more readily grateful for the good things we have in life, and we\u2019re motivated to pursue what we truly think is important instead of wasting time living an unfulfilled life. These are gifts we wouldn\u2019t have if not for our own mortality\u2014which, according to Holiday, proves that death itself is not necessarily a bad thing. Like everything else in our lives, it\u2019s a neutral fact of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We Didn\u2019t Always Fear Death<\/a><\/strong>

In Antifragile<\/em><\/a>, Nassim Nicholas Taleb<\/a> argues that humans in modern society fear death far more than they did back in classical antiquity<\/a>. He asserts that before the Enlightenment, the average person\u2019s goal wasn\u2019t to avoid death but to die in a noble way that accomplished something for future generations\u2014for example, to die in battle defending your nation, or to leave behind a business that will help your children live a better life. This supports Holiday\u2019s argument that, given the right perspective, even a situation as grim as your own death can be something worth celebrating.

Taleb advocates for a return to this collective-minded attitude toward death. In his eyes, our focus on our own lives as an end goal causes our society to be more fragile. For example, by accruing governmental debt and depleting natural resources, we\u2019re enriching ourselves at the expense of future generations, damaging the human race as a whole. Instead of trying to live longer, we should be trying to live purposefully<\/a>, die, and make room for others.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is the Stoic take on suffering? How does subjective perception cause suffering? According to Stoics, suffering is, to a great extent, the result of our inability to see things as they are. In contrast, Stoics view events neutrally\u2014that is, they observe only the facts of any given situation, without judgment. Here is how our inability to see things as they are leads to unnecessary suffering.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":32015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[259],"class_list":["post-58566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-spiritual","tag-the-obstacle-is-the-way","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Cause of Suffering: The Stoic Perspective - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Stoicism, suffering is the result of our inability to see things as they are. 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