{"id":57720,"date":"2022-01-05T20:30:55","date_gmt":"2022-01-06T00:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=57720"},"modified":"2022-01-09T20:44:38","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T00:44:38","slug":"us-foreign-debt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/us-foreign-debt\/","title":{"rendered":"Why U.S. Foreign Debt Isn&#8217;t a Problem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Is the U.S. foreign debt a problem? Does China have economic leverage over the United States?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite popular belief, economist Stephanie Kelton says that foreign debt is not a problem for the United States. In fact, it may be China that has the real <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/national-credit-card-debt\/\">debt crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s why the United States shouldn&#8217;t worry about foreign debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-united-states-and-foreign-debt\">The <strong>United States and Foreign Debt<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Economist and author of <em>The Deficit Myth<\/em>, Stephanie Kelton disputes those who worry about U.S. foreign debt and highlight what they see as a particularly grave threat\u2014the share of U.S. debt held by foreign countries like China. They often paint the picture of the U.S. being held hostage by foreign countries, the way a debtor might be if they borrowed from a loan shark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, Kelton writes, this narrative is also misleading. <strong>The U.S. doesn\u2019t go to foreign countries on bended knee to beg for foreign loans<\/strong>. Instead, foreign governments and investors purchase U.S. treasury bonds using the dollars they acquired when American businesses and individuals purchased goods and services from <em>their <\/em>countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelton argues that <strong>the purchase of U.S. debt by foreigners is nothing more than an accounting adjustment at the Federal Reserve. <\/strong>When a foreign country (say France) purchases U.S. Treasury bonds, it\u2019s effectively just converting its foreign <em>dollar <\/em>reserves into interest-bearing Treasury bonds, exchanging one type of U.S. financial instrument for another.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Federal Reserve just debits France\u2019s dollar reserves and credits its Treasury bonds account (because it\u2019s depleting its supply of dollars to purchase Treasuries). Similarly, to pay the interest on those bonds, all the Fed does is <em>debit <\/em>France\u2019s Treasuries and <em>credit <\/em>their dollar reserves (because they\u2019re now receiving cash in exchange for the bonds they hold). All it takes is for someone at the Fed to strike a keyboard to adjust the accounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some debt worriers argue that countries that own large quantities of U.S. Treasuries\u2014like China\u2014have leverage over the U.S. because <strong>they could theoretically decide to stop buying American debt and drive up borrowing costs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelton writes that this argument also rings hollow. China\u2019s economic policy is predicated on running large trade surpluses with countries like the United States (meaning it sells more to the U.S. than it purchases). In order to run those trade surpluses, it\u2019s going to be holding onto large stocks of U.S. dollars. And if it holds large quantities of dollars, it\u2019s going to need to find a safe investment to park those dollars. And there\u2019s no safer place to invest dollars than in U.S. Treasuries, since, as we\u2019ve explored, the federal government can always create the necessary dollars to pay the interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, <strong>China has no reason to sell off or stop buying U.S. debt. Doing so would inflict economic pain on <\/strong><strong><em>them<\/em><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>China\u2019s Debt Problem\u2014and What It Means for the World<\/strong><br><br>In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/evergrande-debt-crisis.html\">it may be <em>China <\/em>that has the real debt crisis, not the U.S.<\/a> In 2021, multiple property developers and real estate holding companies like Evergrande and Sunshine 100 China Holdings Ltd. began defaulting on their notes (denominated in U.S. dollars), sparking a downgrade of Chinese corporate debt by the major credit rating agencies. The concern among Chinese central bankers was that the slowing of China\u2019s property boom, which began in the 1990s, would leave Chinese banks with unsustainable levels of debt that could cause an investor panic that would, in turn, spill over into the country\u2019s nonfinancial sector. This could cause the Chinese economy to crash, which would have significant ramifications for global trade.<br><br>Some critics note that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/china-economy-xi-jinping-evergrande-debt-american-world-fallout-2021-10\">China&#8217;s economic woes should be seen as the bill coming due<\/a> for an aggressive growth strategy based on an abundant supply of cheap labor and state-backed debt that enabled the country to massively boost its exports; urbanize much of the rural population; and rapidly build its industrial and residential infrastructure at lightning speed. Yet despite the rapid development in China over the past few decades, too much of the population is still too poor to transition away from the old state-supported economy to an economy based on consumer spending\u2014leaving China with an investment landscape saddled by unsustainable debt because there are not enough people to actually use and pay for everything that\u2019s been built. Worryingly, the Chinese government has responded to these developments by reverting back to socialism and state control, which could cause international investors to lose confidence in the Chinese economy and massively disrupt the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/globalization-of-supply-chains\/\">global supply chain<\/a>, which is now inextricably linked to China.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is the U.S. foreign debt a problem? Does China have economic leverage over the United States? Despite popular belief, economist Stephanie Kelton says that foreign debt is not a problem for the United States. In fact, it may be China that has the real debt crisis. Here&#8217;s why the United States shouldn&#8217;t worry about foreign debt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,275],"tags":[562],"class_list":["post-57720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-politics","tag-the-deficit-myth","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why U.S. Foreign Debt Isn&#039;t a Problem - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In her book The Deficit Myth, economist Stephanie Kelton says that the U.S. foreign debt isn&#039;t a problem. 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