{"id":57273,"date":"2022-01-14T10:26:05","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T14:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=57273"},"modified":"2022-01-17T10:41:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T14:41:42","slug":"william-easterly-the-white-mans-burden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/william-easterly-the-white-mans-burden\/","title":{"rendered":"William Easterly: The White Man&#8217;s Burden \u2014Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is William Easterly&#8217;s <em>The White Man&#8217;s Burden <\/em>about? How was the book received by the public?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Easterly&#8217;s book is controversial because he actually makes the case against providing certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/types-of-aid\/\">types of aid<\/a> to countries that are struggling. Some saw his book as revolutionary while some thought it was blasphemous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a brief overview of <em>The White Man&#8217;s Burden<\/em> with a look at some of the critiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-white-man-s-burden\"><em>The White Man&#8217;s Burden<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The White Man\u2019s Burden<\/em>, economist, New York University professor, and Brookings Institution senior fellow William Easterly argues that the global <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/problems-with-humanitarian-aid\/\">humanitarian aid<\/a> system is fundamentally flawed. His main critique is that <strong>the international aid system prioritizes top-down, centralized, and tightly directed aid distribution\u2014all controlled by rich countries far from the developing world they mean to serve.<\/strong> Because the aid community is so disconnected, it creates big plans and sweeping missions completely unsuited for the reality on the ground, overlooks local concerns, and rarely holds itself accountable.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, Easterly argues that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Western-dominated, top-down approach to global aid and economic development does little to serve the needs of people living in poverty in the developing world\u2014and that these efforts reflect a neocolonial mindset on the part of the West.<\/li><li>Attempts by Western-dominated institutions like the International Monetary Fund and World Bank to impose <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/free-market-reforms\/\">free-market reforms<\/a> in countries from Russia to Afghanistan through \u201cshock therapy\u201d have resulted in crony <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/capitalism-theory\/\">capitalism<\/a>, the subsidization of bad government, and chronic poverty and indebtedness.<\/li><li>Most of the social, economic, and political problems in the developing world stem from bad governments\u2014and the West and the aid community lack the power to simply impose better governments upon these countries.<\/li><li>The major aid organizations are saddled by inefficient and unaccountable bureaucracies that lack accountability, overlap or compete with one another, and don\u2019t have clearly defined goals.<\/li><li>The aid community botched the initial response to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-aids-crisis\/\">the AIDS crisis<\/a> in Africa during the 1980s and, since then, has misspent resources by focusing on expensive and ineffective treatments rather than prevention.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we don\u2019t cover some of the more discursive and tangential sections of <em>The White Man\u2019s Burden\u2014<\/em>including some of Easterly\u2019s long historical recaps of various Western colonial enterprises in Africa and the Middle East in the 19th and 20th centuries, lengthy descriptions of statistical methodology, and outdated case studies. In addition, we have incorporated commentary from outside sources to update some of Easterly\u2019s statistics (since the book was published in 2006), supplement his ideas with more recent examples, and incorporate alternative or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/opposing-views\/\">opposing viewpoints<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-criticism-and-praise-for-the-white-man-s-burden\"><strong>Criticism and Praise for <em>The White Man\u2019s Burden<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>William Easterly&#8217;s <em>The White Man\u2019s Burden<\/em> builds upon themes and topics that Easterly explored in his 2001 book, <a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/books\/elusive-quest-growth\"><em>The Elusive Quest for Growth<\/em><\/a>, in which he criticized the global economic development community for its failure to understand the importance of economic incentives in its policy and program design. That pointed critique, incidentally, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2001\/1126\/024.html?sh=342964f2321d\">helped get him fired from his position<\/a> as a senior adviser in the development group at the World Bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contemporary reviews of <em>The White Man\u2019s Burden<\/em> celebrated the book for its boldness in questioning the conventional wisdom on foreign aid and international economic development and praised Easterly for bringing attention to the inadequacies of the prevailing foreign aid model. In particular, contemporaries found merit in Easterly\u2019s argument that even the most well-intentioned philanthropy seldom achieves its desired goals\u2014and often ends up diverting resources to nefarious actors. They also praised Easterly\u2019s somewhat counterintuitive argument that capitalism, entrepreneurship, and the profit motive are often better engines of social progress in developing countries than direct aid\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/psd\/the-jeffrey-sachs-william-easterly-saga\">a view at odds with those of many in the global development community<\/a>, including Jeffrey Sachs, Easterly\u2019s longtime ideological rival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some reviewers did criticize the book for what they saw as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.org\/publications\/tir\/article.asp?id=638\">its muddled and lengthy detours into political science<\/a>, as well as Easterly\u2019s shaky analysis of the legacy of British and French colonialism in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Other critics noted that Easterly\u2019s approach is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/03\/19\/books\/review\/the-poverty-puzzle.html\">more effective at pointing out <em>problems <\/em>than it is at identifying <em>solutions<\/em><\/a>\u2014in particular, noting his failure to discuss what, precisely, enabled countries like Poland, the Czech Republic, and Estonia to successfully transition to free-market liberal democracy, while efforts to bring this about in other countries (most notably Russia) failed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is William Easterly&#8217;s The White Man&#8217;s Burden about? How was the book received by the public? Easterly&#8217;s book is controversial because he actually makes the case against providing certain types of aid to countries that are struggling. Some saw his book as revolutionary while some thought it was blasphemous. Here is a brief overview of The White Man&#8217;s Burden with a look at some of the critiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":57397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,275],"tags":[558],"class_list":["post-57273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-politics","tag-the-white-mans-burden","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>William Easterly: The White Man&#039;s Burden \u2014Overview - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"William Easterly&#039;s book The White Man&#039;s Burden caused a bit of a stir. 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