{"id":56733,"date":"2021-12-21T00:17:54","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T04:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=56733"},"modified":"2021-12-29T13:05:56","modified_gmt":"2021-12-29T17:05:56","slug":"what-is-hedonic-adaptation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-hedonic-adaptation\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Hedonic Adaptation? Understand & Overcome It"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is hedonic adaptation? Why do things that once excited you become more disappointing each time you do them? Can this tendency be overcome?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedonic adaptation is when you really enjoy something the first time you experience it, but the more you get used to it, the less pleasurable it becomes. This tendency is impossible to outrun, but it is possible to learn to live with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn more about hedonic adaptation below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Hedonic Adaptation<\/strong>: Explained<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

What is hedonic adaptation? In his book The Paradox of Choice, <\/em>Barry Schwartz asserts that even when we make good choices<\/a>, we often end up disappointed in the long run because of adaptation: <\/strong>When we get used to things, they lose their novelty and we begin to take them for granted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adapting to the things that give us pleasure is called hedonic adaptation.<\/em> <\/strong>Hedonic adaptation can occur as a natural response over time, or in response to a changed reference point. For instance, if you eat a slice of the best chocolate cake you\u2019ve ever had, other chocolate cakes will start to pale in comparison. Because you\u2019ve had a highly pleasurable experience (your new reference point), you\u2019ve unconsciously set your standards higher. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When hedonic adaptation sets in, pleasure is replaced by comfort. Of course, comfort isn\u2019t a bad thing, but when we want to feel pleasure, comfort seems insufficient. For example, if you eat that same chocolate cake again once a week for months, it\u2019ll eventually feel less exceptional than it did at first, becoming more of a regular comfort than a special pleasure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schwartz explains that we tend not to expect hedonic adaptation. When we make a choice<\/a> expecting excitement and pleasure, we don\u2019t realize that pleasure will decline as we get used to it. For example, imagine buying a new pair of shoes you\u2019ve been eyeing for months. You\u2019ll be excited at first, but after a few weeks, the novelty will wear off and you\u2019ll be used to wearing them. We repeat this pattern every time we make a new and exciting purchase, even though we\u2019ve experienced hedonic adaptation before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Much Can We Control Our Happiness?<\/strong>

The fact that we can\u2019t control the happiness we get out of experiences over time due to hedonic adaptation raises the question: How much of our happiness and pleasure is actually within our control? 

Research shows that about 40% of the happiness we experience is under our control<\/a>\u2014while about 50% of our happiness seems to be genetically influenced and 10% relates to circumstances we can\u2019t control, the remaining 40% is in our hands. This suggests that, while we can\u2019t dictate exactly how much happiness we receive from our choices, we can still affect how much hedonic adaptation impacts our overall happiness. For example, you might not have been satisfied by a recent vacation, but you can improve your happiness by focusing on what you did enjoy about it.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hedonic Treadmills<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Those who realize the impact hedonic adaptation has on their lives usually learn to live with it\u2014they realize that making purchases or pursuing novel experiences all the time can have diminishing returns<\/a>. However, others attempt to outrun hedonic adaptation, constantly accumulating new commodities to keep experiencing pleasure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schwartz contends that this is an ineffective strategy. Nobody can achieve pleasure all the time through buying exciting new things, and those who seek this strategy end up stuck on a \u201chedonic treadmill\u201d: constantly pursuing novelty<\/strong> without sustaining it once reached. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Link Between Shopping and Unhappiness<\/strong>

An example of the hedonic treadmill<\/a> that most of us have experienced is the desire to buy more and more things. Buying a coveted item, or even a random product that piques your interest, makes you feel good in the moment, yet hedonic adaptation usually kicks in pretty quickly. It can be easy to get trapped in a pattern of purchasing products to get a regular little jolt of pleasure. 

An Atlantic<\/em> article about how unfettered shopping can damage supply chains illustrates the futility of buying things to create happiness.<\/a> The author comments that feeling bad makes people buy things to feel better. Yet studies have shown that accumulating material possessions makes you less<\/em> happy. Shopping is just one example of how hopping on a hedonic treadmill can make you less satisfied.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Expanded Choice and Adaptation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Schwartz argues that expanded choice makes our relationship to adaptation more difficult, because we have more opportunities to be disappointed by our choices.<\/strong> Our decisions are also more difficult and time-consuming when we have more options to choose from, meaning that our disappointment can be heightened when we don\u2019t feel as good about a choice as we\u2019d expect. If we spend a lot of time on a choice, we hope it will be satisfying, so it can feel depleting when we lose pleasure we received from a difficult choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This problem is heightened for maximizers, since they put more weight on each of their decisions. As maximizers strive for perfection in each of their decisions, feeling dissatisfaction from a decision will make them feel worse than a satisficer who is occasionally dissatisfied with a decision will feel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Benefits of Restricting Pleasure<\/strong>

When dealing with adaptation, it might be tempting to search out new opportunities for pleasure, especially if you\u2019re a maximizer who always wants the most pleasurable experience. However, there\u2019s evidence that restricting your pleasure can make you happier<\/a>.

One study showed that a group of people who ate lots of chocolate received less pleasure than another group that had been denied chocolate for a while and then was allowed to eat it at the end of the study. Another study showed that people actually get more pleasure from watching TV when there are commercial breaks. Both of these suggest that when pleasure is occasionally restricted, adaptation doesn\u2019t kick in as strongly. 

Maximizing<\/a>, then, appears to be a bad strategy<\/a> for increasing your pleasure and resisting adaptation. Instead, giving yourself breaks from pleasurable experiences, or saving those experiences for special occasions, will allow you to feel enjoyment without adaptation setting in.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What to Do About Adaptation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

While adaptation can cause challenges, particularly when making decisions about our futures, Schwartz says we can integrate it into our lives by being aware of it. <\/strong>Adaptation can be important when we\u2019re in difficult circumstances, but it can cause unnecessary emotional distress when our circumstances are largely positive. For example, if you move to a new city, you might be excited at first but eventually get used to your new surroundings and second-guess your decision. Even if that city\u2019s the best place for you to live, hedonic adaptation might cause you to feel dissatisfied with it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schwartz advises that being aware of the effects of adaptation can lessen its negative effects. When we remind ourselves of the impact of adaptation on our lives, we can work around it and make more informed decisions, knowing we\u2019re likely to adjust to the outcomes. To use the city example again, you could remind yourself that adjusting to a new environment is normal, and growing pains aren\u2019t a sign that you\u2019ve made the wrong choice<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, Schwartz says that practicing gratitude<\/a> can help. If adaptation is defined by taking things for granted, actively practicing gratitude for the positive aspects of our lives can help to counteract this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Counteracting Hedonic Adaptation<\/strong>

Besides gratitude, several other strategies can help to address the negative effects of hedonic adaptation<\/a>:

1. Focus on experiences, rather than results. For example, if you\u2019re planning a vacation, you\u2019ll feel better by staying in the moment and appreciating each day, instead of worrying over whether it\u2019ll be a good or a bad vacation. 
2. Imagine downward counterfactuals\u2014thinking about how your circumstances could be worse. This can help to put your situation in perspective.
3. Give back to others. Activities like volunteering, donating to charity, or helping loved ones can help you focus on others<\/a>, rather than worrying about satisfying yourself.

Another way to counteract the negative emotional impacts of adaptation is to add variety to your life<\/a>, according to a study from psychologists Kennon Sheldon and Sonja Lyubomirsky. When we vary our experiences, we\u2019re less likely to feel the effects of adaptation. While this doesn\u2019t mean we should be chasing novel experiences constantly, seeking out variety can improve our happiness. For instance, if you get used to a restaurant you like, you can try going to a few new restaurants. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is hedonic adaptation? Why do things that once excited you become more disappointing each time you do them? Can this tendency be overcome? Hedonic adaptation is when you really enjoy something the first time you experience it, but the more you get used to it, the less pleasurable it becomes. This tendency is impossible to outrun, but it is possible to learn to live with it. Learn more about hedonic adaptation below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":56818,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[552],"class_list":["post-56733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-psychology","tag-the-paradox-of-choice","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Is Hedonic Adaptation? 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