{"id":54392,"date":"2021-11-09T12:27:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T16:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=54392"},"modified":"2021-11-17T10:38:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T14:38:08","slug":"the-milgram-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/","title":{"rendered":"The Milgram Study and the Dangers of Blind Obedience"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is the focus of the Milgram study? Why is the experiment so important?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Milgram study was carried out by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram to explore the tendency of people to obey orders from authority figures even when they contradict their personal values. The experiment is important because it helps us understand why seemingly decent people will blindly follow flawed leaders to do bad things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read on to learn more about the discoveries of the Milgram study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Milgram Study<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milgram_experiment\">Milgram <\/a>study showed the tendency of people to obey orders from authorities despite contradicting their personal values. The setup: the subject is assigned the role of a teacher; his role is to administer shocks to a learner when the learner makes mistakes. The voltage is increased with each mistake, ending at levels that would cause serious damage or death. (In reality, no shocks were given; pre-recorded messages of pain were played at different shock levels.) If the subject demurred from giving shocks, the experimenter would step through four statements in order:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u201cPlease continue.\u201d<\/li><li>\u201cThe experiment requires that you continue.\u201d<\/li><li>\u201cIt is absolutely essential that you continue.\u201d<\/li><li>\u201cYou have no other choice; you <em>must<\/em> go on.\u201d<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If the subject refused to comply after four statements, the experiment would end. The surprising result was that the majority of subjects (65%) of the Milgram study administered the final shock at a lethal voltage, even though they otherwise would likely describe themselves as benign people incapable of killing another person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The standard analysis of the Milgram study focuses primarily on the authority influence tendency, but Munger finds this analysis incomplete. A more thorough analysis, stepping through a checklist of every major <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cognitive-bias-definition\/\">cognitive bias<\/a>, would find multiple biases at work and thus explain the Milgram study as a lollapalooza:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Authority influence:<\/strong> A respectable person in a lab coat tells you to do things.<\/li><li><strong>Reason respect:<\/strong> \u201cThe experiment requires that you continue\u201d justifies the shocking as part of research<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/social-proof-examples-cialdini\/\">Social proof<\/a>:<\/strong> The bystanders in the lab aren\u2019t interrupting, so it\u2019s probably OK. \u201cIf I really were killing someone, surely someone would stop me.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Contrast misreaction:<\/strong> Each gradual step up of 15V is far easier to handle than administering a fist shock at the lethal dose of 450V.<\/li><li><strong>Stress influence:<\/strong> The testing environment is stressful and confusing\u2014you\u2019re surprised that you\u2019re hurting someone, an authority figure is telling you to continue, and your internal conflicts are causing stress. This can lower inhibition to executing orders.<\/li><li><strong>Inconsistency avoidance:<\/strong> Once a participant takes the first few steps, he builds inertia that makes stopping more difficult. Internally, the participants see themselves as people who contribute to meaningful scientific experiments, and if they were to leave, it would jeopardize the research&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Excessive self-regard:<\/strong> \u201cI\u2019m not the type of person to just blindly obey authority, so my behavior is probably justified, and this is probably OK to do.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Disliking\/hating tendency:<\/strong> \u201cThis person has done something wrong, and I\u2019m punishing him, so he\u2019s probably unlikeable to begin with.\u201d<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the focus of the Milgram study? Why is the experiment so important? The Milgram study was carried out by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram to explore the tendency of people to obey orders from authority figures even when they contradict their personal values. The experiment is important because it helps us understand why seemingly decent people will blindly follow flawed leaders to do bad things. Read on to learn more about the discoveries of the Milgram study.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":54396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,9,24],"tags":[533],"class_list":["post-54392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-psychology","category-society","tag-poor-charlies-almanack","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Milgram Study and the Dangers of Blind Obedience - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how the Milgram study exposes our tendency to blindly obey orders from authority figures even when they contradict our values.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Milgram Study and the Dangers of Blind Obedience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover how the Milgram study exposes our tendency to blindly obey orders from authority figures even when they contradict our values.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-09T16:27:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-17T14:38:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/followers.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"910\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"607\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Joseph Adebisi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Joseph Adebisi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Joseph Adebisi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d8daf45671a09e8745a7a9f50a03b2a0\"},\"headline\":\"The Milgram Study and the Dangers of Blind Obedience\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-09T16:27:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-17T14:38:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/\"},\"wordCount\":515,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/followers.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Poor Charlie&#039;s Almanack\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Ethics\",\"Psychology\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-milgram-study\/\",\"name\":\"The Milgram Study and the Dangers of Blind Obedience - 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