{"id":54269,"date":"2021-11-29T11:49:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T15:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=54269"},"modified":"2021-12-14T17:21:02","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T21:21:02","slug":"voter-suppression-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/voter-suppression-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Voter Suppression? Examples and Tactics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is voter suppression? How do politicians suppress people from exercising their right to vote?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voter suppression&nbsp;in the United States involves any efforts (both legal and illegal) that prevent people from casting their votes. The most effective tactics are gerrymandering (the redrawing of election districts to lock in political advantage for one party) and restricting who is eligible to vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we&#8217;ll look at a couple of historical examples of voter suppression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gerrymandering\">Gerrymandering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-democracies-die-book\/\">How Democracies Die<\/a><\/em>, Levitsky and Ziblatt cite an example of voter suppression through gerrymandering: Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u2019s Fidesz Party in Hungary. After winning power in 2010, Fidesz members of parliament redrew the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies to give massively disproportionate power to the party\u2019s base of rural voters. Because of the gerrymander, Fidesz holds two-thirds of the seats in parliament despite winning only 44 percent of the nationwide vote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The International Response to Democratic Backsliding<\/strong><br><br>Although Levitsky and Ziblatt don\u2019t explore the topic, the example of Hungary illustrates the challenges faced by the international community when a neighboring country begins to slide toward authoritarianism. Hungary is part of the European Union (EU), a body whose basic criteria for membership includes a free and democratic political system. It is widely accepted that Hungary\u2019s democracy has eroded since 2010\u2014the think tank Freedom House even <a href=\"https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/country\/hungary\/freedom-world\/2020\">downgraded the country\u2019s status<\/a> in 2020 to \u201cpartly free\u201d in response to Orb\u00e1n\u2019s anti-democratic moves. Yet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/how-viktor-orban-broke-the-eu-and-got-away-with-it-hungary-rule-of-law\/\">the EU has struggled<\/a> to deal with Hungary\u2019s eroding democracy under Orb\u00e1n.<br><br>Since Orb\u00e1n came to power, the EU has attempted to confront the Hungarian leader over several issues\u2014from media suppression to court-packing to gerrymandering\u2014only to see Orb\u00e1n successfully stop any outside pressure to democratize his regime. Critics argue that he has gotten away with his authoritarian practices while still retaining Hungary\u2019s EU membership by skillfully exploiting divisions within the EU and taking advantage of the body\u2019s overly slow and legalistic grievance processes.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-poll-taxes-literacy-tests-and-ballot-manipulation\"><strong>Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, and Ballot Manipulation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Levitsky and Ziblatt also point to <strong>the successful efforts by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-were-the-dixiecrats\/\">Southern Democrats<\/a> to marginalize <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/black-voters-in-america\/\">Black voters<\/a> in the late 19th century.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the U.S. Civil War, emancipation, and the defeat of the Confederacy, Black men were given the right to vote in the South for the first time in history. This right was enshrined in the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Black voters overwhelmingly supported the Republican Party, which was the party of Abraham Lincoln and emancipation. This was an outrage to white voters in these states\u2014almost uniformly Democrats\u2014who saw Black enfranchisement as an unacceptable threat to the region\u2019s racial, social, cultural, political, and economic order. These Southern Democrats thus made it their mission to destroy Black voter rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Under new state constitutions that were eventually drafted in all 11 states of the former Confederacy, Southern Democrats severely curtailed the Black franchise<\/strong>. They achieved this by requiring voters to pay poll taxes when they showed up to vote, pass literacy tests, and navigate through deliberately complicated ballots before they could cast their votes. These obstacles made it especially difficult for Black voters (who, being formerly enslaved people, were largely poor and illiterate) to exercise the franchise. Levitsky and Ziblatt argue that these new state constitutions effectively killed true democracy in the South for over a century and made the region a one-party authoritarian state.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Racial Violence in the Post-Civil War South<\/strong><br><br>Although Levitsky and Ziblatt do not directly address it in their analysis of Black disenfranchisement in the Reconstruction-era South, violence played a key role in reestablishing the white supremacist racial order\u2014in addition to legal sanctions like poll taxes and literacy tests.<br><br>According to the NAACP, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.naacp.org\/history-of-lynchings\/\">3,446 African-Americans were lynched<\/a> in the United States between 1882 and 1968, with the majority of these murders taking place in the South. Scholars estimate the real number, however, to be much higher, since many lynchings went unreported.<br><br>And the period immediately following the Civil War through the early 20th century\u2014called the \u201cnadir of American race relations\u201d by some historians\u2014was also the period when the white supremacist terrorist organization the Ku Klux Klan was at its most powerful. A crucial mission of the Klan was to use violence to prevent Black people from voting, holding office, or attaining economic power. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Klan engaged in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.splcenter.org\/fighting-hate\/extremist-files\/ideology\/ku-klux-klan\">a lethal campaign of extrajudicial violence<\/a> against African-Americans in the South as part of its efforts to suppress and intimidate Black voters during the 1868 election.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is voter suppression? How do politicians suppress people from exercising their right to vote? Voter suppression&nbsp;in the United States involves any efforts (both legal and illegal) that prevent people from casting their votes. The most effective tactics are gerrymandering (the redrawing of election districts to lock in political advantage for one party) and restricting who is eligible to vote. In this article, we&#8217;ll look at a couple of historical examples of voter suppression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":56066,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,275],"tags":[291],"class_list":["post-54269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-politics","tag-how-democracies-die","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Voter Suppression? Examples and Tactics - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Voter suppression involves any efforts (both legal and illegal) that prevent people from casting their votes. Let&#039;s look at some examples.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/voter-suppression-examples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is Voter Suppression? Examples and Tactics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Voter suppression involves any efforts (both legal and illegal) that prevent people from casting their votes. 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