{"id":53586,"date":"2021-11-10T13:29:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T17:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=53586"},"modified":"2021-11-20T14:39:45","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T18:39:45","slug":"inefficiency-at-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How Mass Employment Causes Inefficiency at Work"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why does mass employment promote inefficiency? Do you think it&#8217;s possible to completely eliminate labor market inefficiency?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nassim-nicholas-taleb\/\">Nassim Taleb<\/a>, inefficiency at work is an unavoidable weakness of mass employment. Employees limit their freedom in order to maintain productive organizations for their employers, and what they get in return\u2014the paycheck. However, it&#8217;s impossible to get employees totally invested in the company&#8217;s game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we&#8217;ll discuss why inefficiency is an inherent by-product of mass employment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why <strong>Employees Are Less Efficient<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Employees are hired to follow job descriptions, which are imperfect proxies of the company\u2019s mission. <\/strong>Employees of large organizations, whether they be centralized governments or large businesses, are distanced from the consequences of their actions. Job descriptions are a way of compensating for this. Jobs are designed so that, in theory, if an employee follows the description well over a long period of time, they will be successfully contributing to the organization\u2019s goals. However, it doesn\u2019t always work this way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Salary or hourly pay is doled out independently of productivity. This is an important part of the security of employment\u2014employees trading away their freedom are primarily drawn by the promise of a steady paycheck. But this also means that employees are less efficient across the board. For example, if due to some temporary inefficiency at work, an employee doesn\u2019t have anything to do, he\u2019ll still get paid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ingrained Inefficiency<\/strong><br><br>However, it can be exacerbated by a weak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/strong-organizational-culture\/\">organizational culture<\/a>. One example: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/04\/23\/world\/europe\/italy-hospital-worker-15-years.html\">This Italian hospital worker<\/a> was paid for 15 years for doing absolutely nothing\u2014a bureaucratic oversight. He told his friends he had retired and spent his days just relaxing at home (until he was caught, and charged with fraud, abuse of power, and extortion). This could only happen to an employee\u2014a freelancer, say, a graphic designer, must be continuously generating value to get paid.&nbsp;However, the hospital\u2019s lax culture was partially at fault. A degree of truancy was commonplace at the hospital\u2014workers would frequently swipe each others\u2019 time cards to cover for those skipping work. Six hospital supervisors were investigated for allegedly being aware this scam was happening. Even a head physician at the hospital had skipped his afternoon shifts for years without being caught. Moral norms are shaped from within groups\u2014if the guidelines are loosened, transgression spreads.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Employees Game the System<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Employers use quantitative metrics and performance reviews to determine how well employees are fulfilling their job descriptions. However, neither of these mechanisms are perfect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One idea that Taleb repeats is that <strong>when motivated, people can manipulate any metric<\/strong>. If an employee knows her reward is directly linked to a specific quota, she\u2019ll prioritize that one aspect of her job instead of attempting to maximize overall productivity. If a high school teacher is judged by the administration purely based on her students\u2019 standardized test scores, she may teach something closer to a test-prep class rather than something more helpful for everyday life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Employees can game performance reviews, too. If an employee is judged by more subjective metrics, <em>image<\/em> becomes more important than true productivity. It\u2019s become an office work clich\u00e9 to try and look busy without actually doing any work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The Cobra Effect<\/strong><br><br>The phenomenon of incentives that cause <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/unexpected-consequences\/\">unintended consequences<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/machiavellians-gulling-the-rubes\/202010\/the-cobra-effect-no-loophole-goes-unexploited\">is called the \u201cCobra Effect<\/a>,\u201d named after a law from British-ruled India. The British government posted a reward for cobra skins in an attempt to incentivize the extermination of venomous cobras. Instead, people began breeding more cobras in order to collect the reward.The Cobra Effect is central to Taleb\u2019s view of the world. As we discussed, he believes that opaque, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/complicated-system\/\">complex systems<\/a> make Cobra Effects far more likely to occur than successfully implemented incentives. He argues that more skin in the game is the only effective solution to any Cobra Effect\u2014or, barring that possibility, the lack of artificial incentives altogether.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Employees Make Worse Decisions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Employees typically make decisions based on the impact to their jobs rather than the impact on the organization.<strong> <\/strong>They\u2019re not incentivized to take risks. <strong>All employees need to do to receive their rewards is look like they\u2019re fulfilling their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/job-role-vs-job-description\/\">job description<\/a> and maintain the status quo\u2014which is not always the correct decision.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If an unexpected situation occurs and something needs to change, but it\u2019s not in anyone\u2019s job description to do it, employees are likely to keep their heads down, keep doing what they\u2019re getting paid to do, and hope someone else takes care of the problem. In this case, employees take the option that best preserves their jobs, even if it means inadvertently dooming the organization to fail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, workers at the Chernobyl power plant continued to run a compromised safety test against their better judgment because they didn\u2019t want to risk their jobs by disobeying orders. It was easier for them to believe that their supervisor knew what he was doing. This ended up causing one of the largest manmade disasters in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The Dangers of Inertia<\/strong><br><br>Business professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/good-strategy-bad-strategy\">Richard Rumelt\u2019s book <em>Good Strategy\/Bad Strategy<\/em><\/a> frames inertia, an unwillingness to change, as a constant force that must be battled at all times for an institution to run well. It\u2019s almost always easier to continue what you\u2019re doing than to critically analyze what you need to change, and for this reason, Rumelt labels inertia as one of the greatest challenges any company can face.<br><br>Rumelt identifies three types of inertia that can plague your organization: \u201cinertia of routine,\u201d \u201ccultural inertia,\u201d and \u201cinertia by proxy\u201d\u2014that is, your organization\u2019s failure to change procedures, values, and clientele, respectively. In order to conquer entropy, leaders within the organization need to stay on alert for any changing circumstances and be prepared to destroy the old ways of doing things to make way for the new.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why does mass employment promote inefficiency? Do you think it&#8217;s possible to completely eliminate labor market inefficiency? According to Nassim Taleb, inefficiency at work is an unavoidable weakness of mass employment. Employees limit their freedom in order to maintain productive organizations for their employers, and what they get in return\u2014the paycheck. However, it&#8217;s impossible to get employees totally invested in the company&#8217;s game. In this article, we&#8217;ll discuss why inefficiency is an inherent by-product of mass employment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":39066,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,14,30],"tags":[529],"class_list":["post-53586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-management","category-work","tag-skin-in-the-game","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Mass Employment Causes Inefficiency at Work - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to Nassim Taleb, the author of Skin in the Game, inefficiency at work is an unavoidable weakness of mass employment. Read more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Mass Employment Causes Inefficiency at Work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"According to Nassim Taleb, the author of Skin in the Game, inefficiency at work is an unavoidable weakness of mass employment. Read more.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-10T17:29:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-20T18:39:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/walmart-employees.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"780\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"How Mass Employment Causes Inefficiency at Work\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-10T17:29:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-20T18:39:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/\"},\"wordCount\":991,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/walmart-employees.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Skin in the Game\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economics\",\"Management\",\"Work\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/\",\"name\":\"How Mass Employment Causes Inefficiency at Work - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inefficiency-at-work\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/walmart-employees.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-10T17:29:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-20T18:39:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"According to Nassim Taleb, the author of Skin in the Game, inefficiency at work is an unavoidable weakness of mass employment. 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