{"id":53122,"date":"2021-11-20T03:57:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=53122"},"modified":"2021-11-20T15:22:24","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T19:22:24","slug":"peace-in-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/","title":{"rendered":"Peace in Society Without Policing: A Pipe Dream?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are humans more peaceful or destructive by nature? Is peace in society possible without central overseeing authority?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his book <em>Skin in the Game<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nassim-nicholas-taleb\/\">Nassim Taleb<\/a> argues that peace is a natural state of human civilization. However, many people falsely assume that the natural state of civilization is ceaseless, destructive conflict, which leads them to believe that institutions need to intervene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll explain why Taleb sees peace as the dominant status of civilization and how, when left to their own devices, people tend to resolve conflict and collaborate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Humans Progress Toward Peace<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, over time, people find ways to coexist peacefully. According to Nassim Taleb, even war is just a stepping-stone toward longer eras of peace and collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>War puts mass skin in the game, not only for the people doing the fighting but everyone who bears the risks of war\u2014all civilians who suffer domestic turmoil and a stressed economy. The mutual drain of resources required by war puts constant pressure for peace on both sides.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Taleb, conflict is much more the exception than the rule. In most cases, both sides decide relatively quickly what trades or concessions they are willing to make, and peace is restored. In this way, people with skin in the game tend toward peace and collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Taleb and Pinker on Peace in Society<\/strong><br><br>Taleb has engaged in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/5\/21\/8635369\/pinker-taleb\">lengthy feud with psychologist Steven Pinker<\/a> on the topic of whether or not violence has declined over the course of history. Taleb\u2019s chapter on war is partially a response to Pinker\u2019s 2011 book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/302858\/the-better-angels-of-our-nature-by-steven-pinker\/\"><em>The Better Angels of Our Nature<\/em><\/a>, in which he argues that the world is safer and more peaceful than ever before.&nbsp;Pinker credits this in part to powerful democratic human institutions such as the United Nations that Taleb disdains. Taleb argues that the seventy or so years of overwhelming peace we\u2019ve had since World War II could simply be a statistically predictable gap between massive wars, and that centralized institutions intended to create peace often cause more conflict than they resolve, as we\u2019ll see next.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Institutions Propel War<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There is an exception, however. <strong>All the longest and most intense conflicts are driven by institutions without skin in the game of the war. <\/strong>If the ones ordering the war aren\u2019t personally suffering its dire consequences, it\u2019s more likely to continue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Taleb, this is another reason why decentralized states are better than a large unified nation\u2014centralized governments are more likely to participate in deadlier wars because the decision-makers are farther away from the people making the sacrifices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This idea can be illustrated by the widespread disillusionment of Americans regarding the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/tim-obrien-vietnam\/\">Vietnam War<\/a>. In 1970, two-thirds of Americans believed the war was a mistake, yet it continued until 1975. Since the central decision-makers had power over the entire US population, many people were drafted and suffered as a result of someone else\u2019s beliefs\u2014a skin in the game asymmetry which prolonged the conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Problems With Externally-Imposed Peace<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In Taleb\u2019s view, once conflict has begun, only those engaged in the conflict have the ability to stop it. <strong>Foreign efforts to implement peace by powers without skin in the game cause more problems than they solve.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They often entirely misunderstand the wars\u2019 root causes, due to their lack of direct experience with the conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if a war is settled on paper among dignitaries, if the people themselves aren\u2019t the ones to reconcile, the underlying conflict won\u2019t go away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Institutional Failures in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict<\/strong><br><br>In the book, Taleb argues this point with the example of the Israeli-Palestine Conflict, which has been raging for more than seventy years\u2014due to foreign intervention, in Taleb\u2019s eyes. Let\u2019s take <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/lessons-from-history\/a-brief-and-simple-history-of-the-israel-palestine-conflict-d4a7c4094bfb\">a quick simplified look at key moments in the history of this conflict<\/a> through the lens of skin in the game.<br><br>Arguably, the first significant foreign intervention spurring this conflict was the 1917 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-was-the-balfour-declaration\/\">Balfour Declaration<\/a>, when Britain gave an undefined part of Palestine to Zionists lobbying for the creation of a Jewish homeland there. The Jewish population in Palestine grew, and hostility between them and the Arabs already there intensified to the point of armed conflict. In 1947, in the aftermath of the Holocaust, the United Nations gave Jews their own state, Israel, prompting Palestinians to go to war to reclaim the land, supported by foreign intervention from the Arab League. They lost the war, prompting Israel to take even more Palestinian land.<br><br>At each of these events, foreign bodies without skin in the game intervened at a distance from the consequences. Taleb argues that if, at either one of these junctures, world powers would have simply let Israel and Palestine solve their own problems, the conflict would have been resolved by now.<br><br>In 1993, a pair of peace treaties called the Oslo Accords were signed between the Israeli and Palestinian governments, but this didn\u2019t last long, because, Taleb argues, \u201cno peace proceeds from bureaucratic ink\u201d\u2014the people actually living in Israel and Palestine were dissatisfied with this agreement. In Taleb\u2019s eyes, both states\u2019 governments lacked skin in the game, as neither side achieved the desires of the people they were representing.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are humans more peaceful or destructive by nature? Is peace in society possible without central overseeing authority? In his book Skin in the Game, Nassim Taleb argues that peace is a natural state of human civilization. However, many people falsely assume that the natural state of civilization is ceaseless, destructive conflict, which leads them to believe that institutions need to intervene. In this article, we\u2019ll explain why Taleb sees peace as the dominant status of civilization and how, when left to their own devices, people tend to resolve conflict and collaborate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":35084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[275,24],"tags":[529],"class_list":["post-53122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-society","tag-skin-in-the-game","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Peace in Society Without Policing: A Pipe Dream? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are humans more peaceful or destructive by nature? In this article, we\u2019ll explain why peace is the dominant status of human societies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Peace in Society Without Policing: A Pipe Dream?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are humans more peaceful or destructive by nature? In this article, we\u2019ll explain why peace is the dominant status of human societies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-20T07:57:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-20T19:22:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/protest-lights-peace-sign-march.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"Peace in Society Without Policing: A Pipe Dream?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-20T07:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-20T19:22:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/\"},\"wordCount\":877,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/protest-lights-peace-sign-march.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Skin in the Game\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Politics\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/\",\"name\":\"Peace in Society Without Policing: A Pipe Dream? - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/peace-in-society\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/protest-lights-peace-sign-march.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-20T07:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-20T19:22:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Are humans more peaceful or destructive by nature? 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