{"id":53026,"date":"2021-11-03T11:29:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T15:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=53026"},"modified":"2021-11-04T10:47:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T14:47:37","slug":"hierarchical-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"The Key Characteristics of Hierarchical Cultures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is a hierarchical culture? How do hierarchical cultures approach leadership? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a hierarchical culture, the power distance is high. In other words, your rank matters. In some hierarchical cultures (notably, Asian), respect is a two-way street. It is not just the subordinate\u2019s duty to obey. Rather, the boss is responsible for the success and well-being of his employees. He is often viewed as a paternalistic figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about the key characteristics of hierarchical cultures and how they develop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Defining Hierarchical Leadership<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies in hierarchical cultures have clearly defined levels, and the employees stick to them. They talk to their immediate boss and subordinates but receive permission to talk with anybody further up or down the chain. (Shortform note: The expectation of giving\/receiving permission sometimes results in a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2016\/05\/what-leadership-looks-like-in-different-cultures\">kiss up\/kick down\u201d leader<\/a>\u201d who is excessively harsh to subordinates and overly submissive to his\/her managers. This may be a red flag to watch for in hierarchical cultures.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In meetings, the boss\u2019s idea is the most important. <strong>Subordinates won\u2019t speak unless explicitly requested to do so\u2014and if they disagree with the boss, they keep their thoughts to themselves.<\/strong> Problems are pushed up to the boss so everyone can follow his or her vision and direction. (Shortform note: Meetings may also look physically different. Sinickas recommends <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinicom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Intercultural-comms-guide.pdf\">holding different meetings for managers and non-managers, as well as having a podium for the speaker<\/a>, when working in hierarchical cultures.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The boss signals his\/her authority through status symbols such as a corner office. Subordinates value these symbols; they signify that the boss deserves respect. In a hierarchical culture, if a boss deserves respect, the subordinates by extension also deserve respect. (Shortform note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rw-3.com\/blog\/cross-cultural-awareness-how-to-tell-a-hierarchical-from-an-egalitarian-culture\">Education<\/a> is another highly regarded status symbol. But in some hierarchical cultures, it\u2019s only the name that counts. China has a famously grueling university entrance exam. But once you\u2019re accepted, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inkstonenews.com\/education\/chinese-colleges-want-fail-more-students-thats-good-thing\/article\/3034603\">it\u2019s historically very rare to be expelled<\/a>\u2014even if you\u2019re failing.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How Hierarchical Cultures Develop<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Meyer, the historical reasons that hierarchical cultures developed differ between Europe and Asia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firstly, t<strong>he more hierarchical European cultures (Spain, Italy, and France) were all part of the Roman Empire. <\/strong>Ancient Rome had many class-based social and political systems. Meyer argues that these systems laid the foundation for a hierarchical system in these cultures that is evident in their modern-day leadership styles. (Shortform note: The Roman Empire lasted for 1000 years, so these <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/empires\/romans\/empire\/order.html\">class-based systems weren\u2019t always the same<\/a>. For example, near the end of the Roman Empire, non-Italian-born citizens could be invited to the Senate. But although the details of these hierarchies evolved over time, the hierarchies themselves existed quite consistently.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly,<strong> the strong influence of the Roman Catholic Church on these European countries also helped establish today\u2019s hierarchical system. <\/strong>As evidence, Meyer notes that the Roman Catholic Church is extremely hierarchical, with individuals speaking to their priests and bishops instead of directly to God. (Shortform note: It\u2019s also notable that even the highest powers in historically Catholic countries still answered to the Pope. In other words, everybody was in a hierarchy\u2014even at the top.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>But in Asia, Meyer argues, modern-day hierarchical leadership styles reflect the philosophies of Confucius<\/strong>. Confucius thought that in order for societies to function smoothly, ranks and responsibilities had to be clearly delineated and strictly adhered to. According to Meyer, this Confucian influence over large swathes of Asia explains why so many Asian countries lead hierarchically in business. (Shortform note: Confucian ideals about filial piety are also used as justification for non-democratic styles of leadership\u2014the ultimate hierarchy\u2014especially in China. But some interpretations of Confucius\u2019s writing argue against submission, arguing that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/150325-confucius-china-asia-philosophy-communist-party-ngbooktalk\">Confucianism allows people to not only choose their leaders but also rebel against bad ones<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a hierarchical culture? How do hierarchical cultures approach leadership? In a hierarchical culture, the power distance is high. In other words, your rank matters. In some hierarchical cultures (notably, Asian), respect is a two-way street. It is not just the subordinate\u2019s duty to obey. Rather, the boss is responsible for the success and well-being of his employees. He is often viewed as a paternalistic figure. Keep reading to learn about the key characteristics of hierarchical cultures and how they develop.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":45294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9,24],"tags":[528],"class_list":["post-53026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-management","category-psychology","category-society","tag-the-culture-map","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Key Characteristics of Hierarchical Cultures - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In a hierarchical culture, your rank matters. 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Learn about the key characteristics of hierarchical cultures and how they develop.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-03T15:29:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-04T14:47:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meeting-negotiation-office-colleagues-conversation-boss.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"The Key Characteristics of Hierarchical Cultures\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-03T15:29:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-04T14:47:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/\"},\"wordCount\":647,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meeting-negotiation-office-colleagues-conversation-boss.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Culture Map\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Management\",\"Psychology\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/\",\"name\":\"The Key Characteristics of Hierarchical Cultures - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hierarchical-culture\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meeting-negotiation-office-colleagues-conversation-boss.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-03T15:29:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-04T14:47:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"In a hierarchical culture, your rank matters. 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