{"id":53021,"date":"2021-10-27T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T22:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=53021"},"modified":"2021-11-04T12:42:58","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T16:42:58","slug":"the-2-types-of-decision-making-styles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-2-types-of-decision-making-styles\/","title":{"rendered":"The 2 Types of Decision-Making Styles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is the difference between consensus and individual decision-making<\/a>? Why do people from different cultures tend to make decisions based on different factors?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Erin Meyer, the author of The Culture Map<\/a><\/em>, every culture has a prevalent approach to decision-making. She defines two primary types of decision-making styles<\/a>: consensus (where people decide by unanimous agreement) and individual (where all opinions are considered but the final decision is made by the chief decision-maker).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this article, we’ll explore how a culture’s decision-making style interacts with its leadership style.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Consensus vs. Individual<\/strong> Decision-Making<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In her book The Culture Map<\/em>, Erin Meyer defines two cultural decision-making<\/a> styles: consensus and individual. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In countries that decide by consensus, the group takes everyone\u2019s opinion into account. All the relevant parties consider all the information, and they make a decision<\/a> only when everybody agrees. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In countries that decide individually, the decision-maker may consider others\u2019 opinions, but ultimately, the individual (usually the boss) makes the decision. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Generally speaking, countries that decide individually tend to adopt the hierarchical approach to leadership (although there are some exceptions\u2014notably, the United States), and countries that decide by consensus tend towards egalitarian leadership. However, there are exceptions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exceptions to the Egalitarian\/Consensus Trend<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Most foreigners correctly expect the leading and decision-making styles of a country to mirror each other. So they find exceptions to these trends incredibly frustrating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meyer specifically describes two countries that are hierarchical but decide by consensus: Germany and Japan. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germany\u2019s style of decision-making is evident in how German companies are set up. Decisions in German companies aren\u2019t made by an individual CEO. Rather, the locus of power lies in groups of managers who make the final decisions for their companies. The titles\/levels of these groups vary depending on the company\u2019s size. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Japan is another notable exception, and their ringi<\/em> method of deciding is unique enough that Meyer devotes a sizable portion of her chapter to it. In Japan, a proposal is first created through the nemawashi <\/em>process, during which the views of the individual stakeholders are uncovered so that they can be included in the proposal. This proposal, known as the ringisho<\/em>, is then first discussed informally amongst the lowest level of relevant managers. If they all agree, they approve the proposal and pass it up to the next managerial level. In this way, the document moves up the chain. So by the time the decision reaches the highest level, it\u2019s already been approved by every lower-ranking manager. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: In a Harvard Business Review<\/em> article, Meyer suggests that a country\u2019s decision-making style affects the industries it excels in<\/a>. Japan and Germany are both major automotive-producing nations. Making cars involves a long process and requires a perfect end result, so it\u2019s exactly the type of industry where deciding by consensus works. Conversely, Meyer argues, individual decision-making<\/a> is best for industries that prioritize speed. This begs the question: Does a culture\u2019s decision-making style determine the industry it dominates or is the other way around? Meyer doesn\u2019t address this question, but it\u2019s worth further consideration, especially in our age of rapid technological advancement<\/a>. As people worldwide race to be the first to discover new technologies, it\u2019ll be interesting to see how this race affects cultures\u2019 decision-making styles.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exceptions to the Hierarchical\/Individual Trend<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unlike other egalitarian countries, the United States employs the individual style of deciding.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meyer posits that the American style of deciding comes from its people\u2019s history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In early America, the most successful people were the ones who were first\u2014whether because they arrived early enough to get the best land, or because they were the first to accomplish something in the New World. It didn\u2019t matter whether you made mistakes along the way because you could fix them later. What mattered was that you got it done quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As such, Meyer argues, Americans grew to value speed and adaptability\u2014and this value permeates the ideals of modern-day American business. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Americans might also decide individually because they view the concept of choice as sacred<\/a>. Influenced by The Wealth of Nations<\/em><\/a>, Americans tied personal and religious freedoms to economic freedoms\u2014and they were the only country in the world to do so. So Americans uniquely tie both their individual entities and their identities as Americans to the concept of freedom of choice<\/a>. This may be why the United States, unlike other egalitarian countries, decides individually in business.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is the difference between consensus and individual decision-making? Why do people from different cultures tend to make decisions based on different factors? According to Erin Meyer, the author of The Culture Map, every culture has a prevalent approach to decision-making. She defines two primary types of decision-making styles: consensus (where people decide by unanimous agreement) and individual (where all opinions are considered but the final decision is made by the chief decision-maker). In this article, we’ll explore how a culture’s decision-making style interacts with its leadership style.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,34,24],"tags":[528],"class_list":["post-53021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-communication","category-society","tag-the-culture-map","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe 2 Types of Decision-Making Styles - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Every country has a decision-making style. 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