{"id":52918,"date":"2021-11-08T02:30:16","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T06:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=52918"},"modified":"2021-11-08T12:00:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T16:00:43","slug":"effective-learning-strategies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"The 3 Most Effective Learning Strategies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What are the three slow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learning-strategies-for-students\/\">learning strategies<\/a> from Daniel Epstein&#8217;s book <em>Range? <\/em>Why are these strategies more effective than the traditional learning methods?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his book <em>Range, <\/em>Epstein describes three <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning\/\">effective learning<\/a> strategies: the generation effect, the spacing effect, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-interleaving\/\">interleaving<\/a>. All three of these methods would be considered slow and difficult learning methods because they require time and analysis rather than memorization and cramming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about Epstein&#8217;s three most effective learning strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. The Generation Effect<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Epstein describes three slow and difficult yet effective learning strategies that stick. The \u201cgeneration effect\u201d refers to the well-documented psychological phenomenon that someone struggling to come up with the answer to a question will retain more knowledge for a longer time when the answer is revealed, even if they completely failed at coming up with an answer. The generation effect attests to the effectiveness of unpleasant, difficult learning methods, such as frequent testing without the benefit of multiple choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. The Spacing Effect<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cspacing effect\u201d is a similar phenomenon\u2014people retain more knowledge if there are lengthy gaps between study sessions on the same information. In the long run, someone who studies the facts about a historical battle will retain more information if they\u2019re tested in a month than if they have to take the test on the same day. The more time that\u2019s passed since you reviewed the information, the harder it is to recall\u2014which is exactly the point. <strong>It\u2019s the struggle of a difficult test that makes the information easier to remember for years to come<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Because of the spacing effect, the best way to learn anything is <a href=\"https:\/\/fs.blog\/2018\/12\/spacing-effect\/\">to create a long-term review schedule<\/a>. The review sessions don\u2019t have to be long\u201430 minutes is plenty\u2014but they should be spaced out over a long period of time. Use longer intervals as you get better at retaining the information in order to keep recall difficult, and eventually you\u2019ll remember it indefinitely.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Interleaving<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Epstein\u2019s last technique for effective learning is called \u201cinterleaving.\u201d Interleaving is when multiple kinds of problems are mixed together in review\u2014for example, a cumulative math test in which consecutive problems are drawn from different chapters of the book. <strong>Interleaving works because it requires learners to analyze each problem before determining how to solve it<\/strong>, which engages their abstract strategic mindset. This is more difficult than if all the problems of one type are \u201cblocked\u201d together, but it vastly improves retention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Because interleaving is meant to train the specific skill of distinguishing between similar kinds of problems, you shouldn\u2019t weave together types of practice that are completely unrelated. Flipping between Spanish, math, and history homework, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opencolleges.edu.au\/informed\/learning-strategies\/interleaved-practice-4-ways-to-learn-better-by-mixing-it-up\/\">wouldn\u2019t provide the benefits of interleaving<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-people-learn\/\">How People Learn<\/a> Incorrectly<\/strong><br><br>These difficult learning strategies are all discussed at length in Peter C. Brown\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/make-it-stick\"><em>Make It Stick<\/em><\/a>. Interestingly, like <em>Range<\/em>, <em>Make It Stick <\/em>contradicts the accepted wisdom surrounding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/deliberate-practice-definition\/\">deliberate practice<\/a> by specifically condemning the use of immediate feedback. While immediate feedback makes the learning experience more enjoyable, Brown argues that it acts like \u201ctraining wheels,\u201d hindering learning by never allowing the learner to struggle in the absence of the right answer. Instead, feedback should be delayed in order to make use of the generation effect and keep the learning difficult enough to stick.<br><br>After covering the learning methods cited by Epstein, Brown argues that one of the biggest mistakes learners make is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/make-it-stick\/6\">misperceiving their own level of competence<\/a>. There are many factors at play that make it difficult to accurately estimate your own knowledge. For example, the <em>fluency illusion<\/em> is when we assume that because learning feels easy, we know far more than we actually do. For example, if you smoothly grasp all the ideas of a TED Talk on organic chemistry, you could falsely estimate that you have at least an undergraduate level of chemistry knowledge\u2014unaware of all the complex ideas the presenter left out.&nbsp;To accurately gauge your proficiency, Brown suggests that you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-test-yourself\/\">test yourself<\/a> on how easily you can recall information after an extended period of time and rephrase the learned concepts in your own words. Frequently interacting with peers and teachers can also ensure that you have a realistic idea of your own knowledge.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are the three slow learning strategies from Daniel Epstein&#8217;s book Range? Why are these strategies more effective than the traditional learning methods? In his book Range, Epstein describes three effective learning strategies: the generation effect, the spacing effect, and interleaving. All three of these methods would be considered slow and difficult learning methods because they require time and analysis rather than memorization and cramming. Keep reading to learn about Epstein&#8217;s three most effective learning strategies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":53157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,13,43],"tags":[527],"class_list":["post-52918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-parenting","category-self-improvement","tag-range","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The 3 Most Effective Learning Strategies - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In his book Range, David Epstein describes three slow yet effective learning strategies. These methods help information stick for longer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 3 Most Effective Learning Strategies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In his book Range, David Epstein describes three slow yet effective learning strategies. These methods help information stick for longer.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-08T06:30:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-08T16:00:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/girl-with-book.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1169\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"716\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\"},\"headline\":\"The 3 Most Effective Learning Strategies\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-08T06:30:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-08T16:00:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/\"},\"wordCount\":719,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/girl-with-book.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Range\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Education\",\"Parenting\",\"Self-Improvement\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/\",\"name\":\"The 3 Most Effective Learning Strategies - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/effective-learning-strategies\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/girl-with-book.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-08T06:30:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-08T16:00:43+00:00\",\"description\":\"In his book Range, David Epstein describes three slow yet effective learning strategies. 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