{"id":52908,"date":"2021-10-29T02:29:58","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T06:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=52908"},"modified":"2021-11-09T08:42:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T12:42:00","slug":"becoming-an-expert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/becoming-an-expert\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Becoming an Expert in One Field Is a Bad Idea"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Why should you be a generalist rather than becoming an expert in one specific thing? Why do specialists struggle so much in the modern world?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his book Range, <\/em>David Epstein explains that the modern world is too unpredictable to just rely on one skill. With such an unstable environment, you should be developing a range of skills instead of becoming an expert in one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continue reading to learn why you shouldn’t aim to become an expert<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Specialists Struggle in the Modern World<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In his book Range, <\/em>David Epstein says that you shouldn’t become an expert in a single field. Epstein argues that specialization is a far less reliable life strategy than we would expect, especially in recent years. This is true for a number of reasons, but the main reason is the unpredictability of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Is Unpredictable<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The main reason specialization isn\u2019t ideal is that the world is far more unpredictable than we\u2019d like to believe. Epstein distinguishes between \u201ckind\u201d and \u201cwicked domains\u201d\u2014what we\u2019ll call Stable and Unstable Environments. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stable Environments are settings in which the ways to achieve success are easily understood and unchanging. Games with clearly defined rules such as basketball or billiards are Stable Environments, as are simple procedural jobs, like installing circuit boards on an assembly line. Unstable Environments are settings in which the ways to achieve success are unclear and constantly changing. Almost every environment in the \u201creal world\u201d is unstable to a certain degree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Experience in Stable Environments will provide you with permanent value. For this reason, Epstein argues that specialization and deliberate practice<\/a> are the most valuable in Stable Environments. Practicing your free throw a hundred times a day will make you better at basketball because the rules aren\u2019t going to change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epstein warns that experience in Unstable Environments, on the other hand, may be worthless\u2014or worse, it may harm your future performance. Dating, for instance, is an example of an Unstable Environment. Failed relationships often teach lessons that are inaccurate and\/or unhelpful\u2014someone who gets cheated on may come to the conclusion that no one will ever love them, when in reality they just weren\u2019t with the right person<\/a>. The rules of the environment are hidden and ill-defined, and as a result, experience doesn\u2019t always result in improvement<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Ludic Fallacy<\/a><\/strong>

Coined by author Nassim Nicholas Taleb<\/a> in his book The Black Swan<\/a>, the \u201cLudic Fallacy\u201d refers to the misapplication of Stable Environment rules to an Unstable Environment. The word \u201cLudic\u201d comes from the Latin word ludus, meaning \u201cgame,\u201d as people falsely assume that the same strategies used to calculate probability within a game can be used in the real world.

For example, Taleb explains that casinos calculate their real-world risk using the same strategies they use to calculate risk within a game like blackjack. They spend millions of dollars on high-tech security systems designed to prevent people from cheating, which, according to their calculations, profitably mitigates their risk. However, in the Unstable Environment of the real world, the largest losses never come from the places you\u2019d expect, making the goal of accurately calculating risk impossible. Taleb visited a casino that lost $100 million dollars after one of its entertainers was mauled by his own tiger, had to pay a gargantuan fine to the IRS after an otherwise reliable employee forgot to send in certain tax forms for years, and had to pay the ransom for the kidnapping of the casino owner\u2019s daughter. These losses cost 1,000 times more than the cheating losses predicted by their risk analysts. Statistical models like the one the casino used to calculate risk fail in Unstable Environments.

Specialists\u2019 path to success<\/a> fails in much the same way\u2014they fail to realize that their narrow, inflexible plans keep them from taking advantage of the unpredictable.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Epstein argues that, because they assume that the world is a largely Stable Environment, followers of the traditional path to excellence strive for efficiency above all else.<\/strong> Specialists see skills and knowledge as a simple commodity\u2014the more you practice, the more you \u201ccollect.\u201d As a result, they assume that to reach the top of your field, all you need to do is accumulate skill as quickly as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Generalists, on the other hand, recognize that we live in an unstable world\u2014it\u2019s impossible to perfectly predict what experience will be valuable to you. <\/strong>The experience that feels like a waste of time often pays off in ways you could never have imagined. Additionally, some inefficiency is necessary to perform at a world-class level. This leads us to one of Range<\/em>\u2019s main ideas\u2014efficiency is a bad metric with which to judge your life<\/strong>. We\u2019ll explore this in great detail in Part 2 of this guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stop Trying So Hard<\/strong>

Optimizing your life around efficiency is not just ineffective\u2014it can take a toll on your life satisfaction. On an episode of The Tim Ferriss Show podcast, entrepreneur Derek Sivers recounts the story of how he learned to be happier by not trying as hard. When he lived in Los Angeles, Sivers would bike down a long beachside path every day, pushing himself non-stop until he made it back home. Every day, he challenged himself to beat his record, as if he were training for a race, but he eventually got stuck at 43 minutes. He began to dread going on his daily bike ride, so one day he decided to take it easy and enjoy the sights and sounds of the beachside path. When he got home, he was dumbstruck to discover that the relaxed trip only took him 45 minutes. What had felt like Olympic-level training only shaved two minutes off his time.

The moral Sivers gleaned from this experience was this: Trying to squeeze the most out of every possible second of your life often causes more stress than benefits. It\u2019s possible to accomplish great things without making yourself miserable in the process.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why should you be a generalist rather than becoming an expert in one specific thing? Why do specialists struggle so much in the modern world? In his book Range, David Epstein explains that the modern world is too unpredictable to just rely on one skill. With such an unstable environment, you should be developing a range of skills instead of becoming an expert in one. Continue reading to learn why you shouldn’t aim to become an expert.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":53141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,7,30],"tags":[527],"class_list":["post-52908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-career","category-lifestyle","category-work","tag-range","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Becoming an Expert in One Field Is a Bad Idea - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The modern world is too unpredictable to rely on one skill. 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