{"id":48629,"date":"2021-09-05T07:13:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-05T11:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=48629"},"modified":"2021-09-13T09:37:17","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T13:37:17","slug":"factors-of-self-confidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/factors-of-self-confidence\/","title":{"rendered":"The Environmental Factors of Self-Confidence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Is confidence a matter of nature or nurture? What role does the environment play in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/confidence-development\/\">confidence development<\/a>? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Confidence isn\u2019t a matter of nature versus nurture\u2014both biology and environment are implicated. Scientists estimate that around 25-50% of confidence stems from our genes, and there is also a lot of evidence in favor of nurture. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll look at what role the environment plays in confidence development, focusing on the environmental factors of self-confidence that affect women, who often lack the self-belief men have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #1: Expectations of \u201cGoodness\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the main environmental factors of self-confidence is behavioral expectations. <strong>Starting in elementary school or even earlier at home, children, especially girls, are rewarded for being \u201cgood\u201d<\/strong>\u2014quiet, neat, compliant, and well-behaved. Encouraging goodness discourages confidence-building behavior like taking risks, being rowdy, or teasing and roughhousing (both common ways boys play). These expectations affect girls more than boys because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>They\u2019re more often directed at girls. Society expects girls to be good.<\/li><li>Girls learn to pick up emotional cues faster than boys. They\u2019re capable of being compliant at a younger age, and because being compliant comes with approval and rewards, they pursue it.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This leads to girls taking mistakes personally\u2014if they do something wrong, it\u2019s because they\u2019re not skilled enough. Boys, on the other hand, attribute mistakes to not trying hard enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #2: Sports<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The second influence is <strong>sports\u2014sports are good for building confidence because playing them involves competing, winning, and losing, which have parallels with victories and setbacks throughout life<\/strong> (such as making a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-avoid-mistakes-at-work\/\">mistake at work<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>More girls play sports than ever<\/strong>\u2014in 1972, Title IX legislation required U.S. public schools to spend the same amount of money on boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 athletics and as a result, from 1972 to 2011, girls\u2019 participation in high school sports increased tenfold and in college, sixfold. <strong>Girls involved in team sports are more likely to find jobs, work in male-dominated industries, and graduate from college.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, some things haven\u2019t changed\u2014<strong>fewer girls play sports than boys, and girls are six times more likely to quit their team than boys are.<\/strong> This is because girls\u2019 self-esteem drops more than boys\u2019 does during adolescence, and losing makes them so uncomfortable they stop competing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, when girls who don\u2019t play sports grow up, they have more difficulty shaking off setbacks and recovering from failure in life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #3: The Rules Change<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When girls grow up and enter the workforce, they encounter the third influence\u2014changing rules. Unlike in the classroom, academic achievement and competence are no longer the requirements for success. Instead, <strong>success in the workplace requires self-promotion, political savvy, and pushing beyond <\/strong><strong><em>no<\/em><\/strong><strong>s. Many women aren\u2019t skilled in these areas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, it took Valerie Jarrett 10 years to make bold requests. She was working at the mayor\u2019s office in Chicago and a client told her to ask for a promotion because she was doing such complex work. The client encouraged her for months and finally, Jarrett asked. Her boss quickly agreed\u2014it wasn\u2019t nearly as big of an ask as Jarrett thought it was.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #4: Stereotype Threat<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fourth influence is stereotype threat\u2014<strong>when there\u2019s a stereotype associated with a minority group, members of the group feel pressure to embody the stereotype.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, Harvard University gave 46 Asian-American women three questionnaires. One was neutral, one reminded respondents that Asians were stereotypically good at math, and the last reminded respondents that women are stereotypically bad at math. Then, everyone took a challenging math exam. The women who had completed the neutral questionnaire scored an average of 49%, those who filled out the second questionnaire scored 54%, and those who answered the third scored 43%.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many stereotypes associated with women that reduce confidence. (Shortform example: \u201cThrow like a girl\u201d suggests that women aren\u2019t as skilled at baseball as men are.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #5: Systemic Barriers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fifth influence is systemic barriers\u2014<strong>women don\u2019t have access to the same resources as men in the U.S.<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>American women earn more degrees than men and according to the Global Gender Gap, the U.S. is first in equality of educational attainment. There\u2019s no lack of competence\u2014but the U.S. 67th in gender pay equality and 60th in political empowerment.<\/li><li>There\u2019s no national paid maternity leave policy. (The U.S., Swaziland, and Papua New Guinea are the only three countries in the world that don\u2019t have a policy.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #6: Body Image Expectations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The sixth influence is body image\u2014<strong>women\u2019s confidence is strongly tied to physical appearance, and they\u2019re judged on their appearance more than men are. <\/strong>Women who don\u2019t meet society\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/beauty-standards-for-women\/\">beauty standards<\/a> have a harder time in life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, obese girls are less likely to attend college than non-obese girls, but obese boys are just as likely to attend as non-obese boys.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, women who <em>do <\/em>meet society\u2019s beauty standards are judged too.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, when Yahoo\u2019s CEO Marissa Mayer modeled for <em>Vogue<\/em>, critics judged her for wasting time she could have been putting toward her job.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We judge ourselves too\u2014women are quicker to criticize their appearance than men are to criticize theirs, and women tend to be so self-critical they erode their own confidence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Example #1: 90% of women want to change something about their physical appearance, while only 2% think they\u2019re beautiful.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Example #2: When public speaking coach Babara Tannebaum videotapes her students so they can watch their own performances, the women focus on what they looked like rather than how much eye contact they made or how well they projected. The men occasionally comment on their appearance, but it never sidetracks them from assessing their public speaking skills.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence #7: Self-Imposed Obstacles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the six external factors that inhibit women from developing confidence, there are also several self-imposed obstacles that they have more control over:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obstacle #1: Desire for Likability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Many women would prefer to be liked rather than respected.<\/strong> (And there is some societal pressure\u2014society expects women to be likable, so it\u2019s relevant to success.) Striving to be liked can kill confidence and deter women from using tough or aggressive strategies that come with the possibility of criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, imagine you\u2019re a woman who\u2019s just graduated from college and been offered your first job. The salary\u2019s low, but you figure you\u2019re lucky to have even gotten an offer, and you don\u2019t want to offend anyone by asking for more. (A man <em>would <\/em>ask, and this is partly responsible for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/gender-pay-gap-2023\/\">gender pay gap<\/a>.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obstacle #2: Ruminating<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As you learned in Chapter 3, <strong>women have active brains and often overthink things<\/strong>\u2014obsessing over things they feel they\u2019ve done wrong and how other people interpreted the situation, focusing on problems instead of solutions. Or, they\u2019ll circle around something they want to do but haven\u2019t yet mustered the courage to do.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, a woman might obsess for days about whether to get a new haircut.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, women focus on emotional connections more than men, which can be a strength\u2014women are good at building relationships\u2014but also contributes to overthinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obstacle #3: Internal Attribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Women tend to take the blame for things that go wrong but attribute things that go right to external sources.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, psychologist Dave Dunning found that when Cornell\u2019s math Ph.D. program starts to get difficult, women tend to think they\u2019re struggling because they\u2019re not smart enough. They ignore the difficulty of the course and even how much effort they put in. (Men think they\u2019re struggling because the course is hard.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obstacle #4: Perfectionism<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Perfectionism is the fourth and biggest of the self-imposed roadblocks\u2014<strong>perfection is unattainable, so if that\u2019s the standard you must meet to be confident, you\u2019ll always feel inadequate and won\u2019t take action.<\/strong> Additionally, perfectionism doesn\u2019t just get in the way of confidence, it gets in the way of achievement\u2014you won\u2019t start work unless you feel perfectly ready to take it on, and you won\u2019t finish it either.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, a Hewlett-Packard study found that men applied for promotions when they met 60% of the requirements, but women only applied when they met 100%. As women weren\u2019t even applying for certain jobs, they had no chance of getting them.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is confidence a matter of nature or nurture? What role does the environment play in confidence development? Confidence isn\u2019t a matter of nature versus nurture\u2014both biology and environment are implicated. Scientists estimate that around 25-50% of confidence stems from our genes, and there is also a lot of evidence in favor of nurture. In this article, we\u2019ll look at what role the environment plays in confidence development, focusing on the environmental factors of self-confidence that affect women, who often lack the self-belief men have.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":21275,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,43,24],"tags":[489],"class_list":["post-48629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-self-improvement","category-society","tag-the-confidence-code","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Environmental Factors of Self-Confidence - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What role does the environment play in confidence? 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