{"id":46076,"date":"2021-08-18T06:58:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T10:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=46076"},"modified":"2021-08-25T16:20:35","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T20:20:35","slug":"memory-distortions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/","title":{"rendered":"Memory Distortions: Reconstructing the Past"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Is memory an accurate record of the past? Can you think of a memory that you remember in vivid detail? Do you believe those details are accurate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Memories are mere representations of events\u2014not accurate recordings\u2014and thus they easily become distorted. There\u2019s no way you can remember every detail of an experience. Instead, you remember certain aspects, and when you call up the memory, you unconsciously fill in the details.&nbsp;This lends itself to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortion\/\">memory distortions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is how memories become distorted and how they affect your learning process. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Memory Distortions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Your memory is inherently moldable which can be a good or a bad thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On one hand, your memory\u2019s pliability is critical to your ability to learn: <strong>Everything you learn becomes a memory, and every time you recall that lesson you\u2019re making new connections and creating new cues for that information, which further embeds it in your memory. <\/strong>The ability to add to your memory in this way allows you to deepen your understanding and better retain the information.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, your tendency to create memory distortions\u2014and fail to realize that they\u2019re distortions\u2014can be problematic.&nbsp;Here is how external or internal narratives can shape how you interpret and remember your experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Flashbulb Memories<\/strong>: You tend to believe that there\u2019s no way you\u2019d forget or mistake any detail of major, emotional events because you have a \u201cflashbulb memory\u201d of the experience\u2014you recall where you were, what you did, and how you felt. However, research shows that although people tend to have the highest confidence in their most emotional memories, these are the memories that become altered the most over time.<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hindsight-bias-example\/\">Hindsight Bias<\/a>, or the Knew-It-All-Along Effect<\/strong>: When you\u2019re reflecting on an event, you\u2019re likely to inflate how predictable it was, even though you couldn\u2019t have actually predicted it before it happened.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Interference<\/strong>: If you\u2019re exposed to something right before or after an experience, it can distort the memory of that experience. For example, if a witness to a crime views photos of suspects and then subsequently looks at a lineup, she\u2019s more likely to falsely accuse someone in the lineup if she\u2019s already seen his photo.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mistaking Implications for Fact:<\/strong> As you naturally fill in the details of your memory, you\u2019re likely to remember things that you understood to be implied and assumed to be fact, but which may not be. For example, when you recall a meeting with your boss about your new promotion, you probably assumed that a pay raise was implied, and thus you may falsely remember your boss stating that you\u2019d receive a raise with your new title, but that\u2019s not the case.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Power of Suggestion<\/strong>: Other people\u2019s suggestions can heavily influence and alter your memories. For example, study participants watched a video of a car running a stop sign and hitting another car. Those who were asked how fast the car was going when it \u201csmashed\u201d into the second car guessed 41 miles per hour, while those who were asked how fast the car was going when it \u201ccontacted\u201d the second car guessed 32 miles per hour. By simply changing the language of the question, researchers changed participants\u2019 memories of the video.<\/li><li><strong>Social Contagion of Memory, or Memory Conformity<\/strong>: If you and a friend are recalling a joint experience, you\u2019re likely to merge her memories with your own\u2014even if she supposedly remembers something that didn\u2019t actually happen. In other words, other people\u2019s errors can contaminate your memory.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, you can entirely fabricate memories under certain circumstances, such as:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Feeling of Knowing<\/strong>: When something is familiar, you\u2019re more likely to believe it\u2019s true. This means that if you hear the same lie enough times, you eventually believe it\u2019s the truth.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Imagination Inflation<\/strong>: If you imagine something vividly enough, you can start to believe it happened and mistake your visualization for an actual memory.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is memory an accurate record of the past? Can you think of a memory that you remember in vivid detail? Do you believe those details are accurate? Memories are mere representations of events\u2014not accurate recordings\u2014and thus they easily become distorted. There\u2019s no way you can remember every detail of an experience. Instead, you remember certain aspects, and when you call up the memory, you unconsciously fill in the details.&nbsp;This lends itself to memory distortions. Here is how memories become distorted and how they affect your learning process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":38135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[461],"class_list":["post-46076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-make-it-stick","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Memory Distortions: Reconstructing the Past - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When you call up a memory, you only recall certain aspects of an experience and fill in the details. This lends itself to memory distortions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Memory Distortions: Reconstructing the Past\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you call up a memory, you only recall certain aspects of an experience and fill in the details. This lends itself to memory distortions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-18T10:58:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-25T20:20:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/memory-book.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"981\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"605\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"Memory Distortions: Reconstructing the Past\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-18T10:58:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-25T20:20:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\"},\"wordCount\":678,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/memory-book.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Make It Stick\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\",\"name\":\"Memory Distortions: Reconstructing the Past - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/memory-book.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-18T10:58:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-25T20:20:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"When you call up a memory, you only recall certain aspects of an experience and fill in the details. 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