{"id":46000,"date":"2021-08-16T07:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T11:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=46000"},"modified":"2021-08-25T16:29:39","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T20:29:39","slug":"spaced-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/spaced-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Spaced Practice Method: Level Up Your Learning Game"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is spaced practice? How does spaced practice compare to cramming (learning a large amount of information in a very short period of time)? Which technique is more effective and why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spaced practice is a study technique<\/a> that involves multiple short study sessions spaced out over time. Spaced practice develops your \u201cunderlying habit strength,\u201d which prepares you to use that knowledge when you need it. It may feel less productive than cramming initially because you\u2019ve forgotten some of the material and it feels like you don\u2019t have a grasp of it\u2014<\/strong>but that extra effort is precisely what makes the method effective.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keep reading to learn about spaced practice, why it works, and some methods for spacing out your study sessions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Why Does Spaced Practice Work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When you learn something new, your brain undergoes a process of consolidation, which can take hours or days. Spaced practice gives your brain the time it needs to strengthen the new knowledge and store it in your long-term memory through consolidation. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, the effort of retrieving the knowledge from your last practice session triggers reconsolidation, further embedding the information.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many people resist spaced practice because it doesn\u2019t give them the immediate gratification<\/a> of seeing improvements as they practice that comes with massed practice, which scientists call \u201cmomentary strength.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that feeling belies the fact that momentary strength quickly fades, because massed practice stores information in your short-term memory. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two Methods of Spaced Practice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

There are two methods that improve comprehension and retention while organically spacing your practice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interleaved Practice<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

One way to space out your practice and improve your retention is by interleaving<\/a>, or mixing up your practice among multiple related topics or skills. Interleaving improves your comprehension and retention in two ways: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Switching among different topics naturally spaces out your practice in any one area.<\/li>
  2. Changing your focus among related topics helps you make connections among them, which deepens your understanding of each subject. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    The key to interleaving is to switch to the next skill or concept before you\u2019ve finished practicing one.<\/strong> It feels counterintuitive and frustrating to switch gears before you\u2019re ready, which is why teachers and students often resist interleaving. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In fact, in contrast to the momentary strength you get from massed practice, interleaving actually hinders your performance while you\u2019re learning the material. However, in the long term, this method still results in better retention. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In one study, college students learned how to calculate the volumes of four geometric shapes. One group of students solved practice problems that were grouped by the shape, while the other group of students solved an interleaved set of practice problems. That day, students doing massed practice performed better, averaging 89% correct answers, compared to 60% among students who did interleaved practice<\/a>. However, on a test the following week, the students who\u2019d done interleaved practice averaged 63% correct, whereas the other group dropped to 20%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (Shortform note: Although the interleaved group improved slightly, while the massed practice group dropped drastically, the interleaved group never performed at a level close to the massed practice group\u2019s initial work. The book doesn\u2019t address how the interleaved group could have raised its score overall\u2014perhaps simply by doing more interleaved practice.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Interleaving simulates and better prepares you for the final test\u2014and real life\u2014where you\u2019ll encounter situations that require a mix of different skills and knowledge.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Varied Practice<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Varied practice involves practicing a skill in different contexts, which strengthens your ability to apply that skill to a variety of situations. Varied practice strengthens your understanding of the underlying principles and makes you better at discerning among different contexts to determine the best way to approach a situation.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    One study illustrates the effectiveness of variation: Two groups of children practiced throwing bean bags into buckets. The first group practiced only with buckets that were three feet away, while the other group practiced with a mix of buckets that were two and four feet away. After a few months of practicing, everyone was tested on throwing bean bags into buckets three feet away\u2014and the kids who\u2019d practiced on the mix of buckets (none of which were three feet away) far outperformed the kids who\u2019d only <\/em>practiced on three-feet buckets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Neuroimages of people learning new motor skills reveal that varied practice engages an area of the brain<\/a> that deals with more difficult motor skills, while mass practice engages a part of the brain that deals with simpler tasks. This suggests that learning a skill<\/a> through varied practice produces a more complex mastery, which broadens its applicability. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Similar results have been found in cognitive tasks. One experiment asked a group of students to solve the same anagram (word scramble) repeatedly, while another group of students solved different anagrams that made the same word. When all the students were tested on the anagram that the first group had solved\u2014the only anagram that group worked on throughout the experiment\u2014the students in the second group still outperformed them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    However, when varying your practice, be careful not to slip into blocked practice, which is doing variations in the same order. Blocked practice is like failing to shuffle your flashcards: You get a variety of topics and practice spaced-out retrieval, but encountering them in the same order every time limits the effectiveness. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Interleaved and Varied Practice Improve Your Discrimination<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Interleaved and varied practice strengthen your conceptual knowledge<\/a> of the underlying principles, as opposed to a simple surface-level understanding of facts and figures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The conceptual knowledge you gain through these methods improves your ability to discriminate, or determine what knowledge or which skill you need in various situations.<\/strong> This is a crucial aspect of using what you learn in real-life situations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In one experiment, researchers asked participants to study several artists\u2019 paintings so that they could look at a piece of art and be able to identify the painter. Some participants used massed practice, studying each artist extensively before moving onto the next, while others used interleaving and switched among different artists. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Interleaving helped participants see the <\/strong>differences <\/em><\/strong>among different artists\u2019 works, as opposed to the <\/strong>commonalities <\/em><\/strong>in each individual artist\u2019s works.<\/strong> That ability to discriminate helped them identify who\u2019d painted not only the paintings they\u2019d studied, but also paintings they\u2019d never seen before. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Continue Practicing Mastered Skills<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    No matter how well you know something, you must continue spaced practice in order to maintain your mastery. Don\u2019t fall into the \u201cfamiliarity trap,\u201d when you neglect a skill because you feel you\u2019ve got it down pat. The better you know something, the less frequently you need to practice it\u2014but never stop practicing it altogether. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For example, a basketball coach may spend the majority of practices on shooting drills, running plays, and playing scrimmages. But the coach must also regularly drill dribbling and passing, even though they\u2019re basic skills that are ingrained in the players\u2019 repertoire. The players can\u2019t perform the higher-level skills if they lose proficiency in the fundamentals.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prioritize your practice with flashcards organized in the Leitner system, which naturally spaces your practice. Divide your flashcards into four sections in a box: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. In the first section, put flashcards you struggle with the most. These are the cards you\u2019ll practice most often.<\/li>
    2. In the second section, put flashcards you\u2019re slightly better at. You\u2019ll practice these about half as often as the first section.<\/li>
    3. In the third section, put flashcards you\u2019re even better at. You\u2019ll practice these less often than the previous section.<\/li>
    4. In the fourth section, put flashcards you seldom get wrong. You\u2019ll practice these the least<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      When you have a wrong answer, move that flashcard up to the next section. When you get a right answer, move the flashcard back a section. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      What is spaced practice? How does spaced practice compare to cramming (learning a large amount of information in a very short period of time)? Which technique is more effective and why? Spaced practice is a study technique that involves multiple short study sessions spaced out over time. Spaced practice develops your \u201cunderlying habit strength,\u201d which prepares you to use that knowledge when you need it. It may feel less productive than cramming initially because you\u2019ve forgotten some of the material and it feels like you don\u2019t have a grasp of it\u2014but that extra effort is precisely what makes the method<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":22887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,9,160],"tags":[461],"class_list":["post-46000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-psychology","category-science","tag-make-it-stick","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nSpaced Practice Method: Level Up Your Learning Game - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Spaced practice is a study method that involves multiple short learning sessions spaced out over time. 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