{"id":4536,"date":"2019-11-23T16:47:20","date_gmt":"2019-11-23T20:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=4536"},"modified":"2022-03-11T16:26:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T20:26:00","slug":"silent-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Silent Evidence: 4 Surprising Ways You&#8217;re Deaf to Reality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is silent evidence? How does ignoring it give us an inaccurate picture of the world?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Silent evidence is the \u201cflipside\u201d to any story we\u2019re told. It&#8217;s the tendency to forget that there are details of a situation that we don&#8217;t have access to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll cover how the distortion of silent evidence leads to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cognitive-heuristics\/\">cognitive biases<\/a> and why these distortions leave us surprised by and unprepared for the world&#8217;s randomness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Distortion of Silent Evidence<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>History\u2014which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nassim-nicholas-taleb\/\">Nassim Nicholas Taleb<\/a> defines as \u201cany succession of events seen with the effect of posterity\u201d\u2014is inevitably, necessarily distorted. That is, no matter how \u201cfactual\u201d or \u201cobjective,\u201d the historical record is always a product of our tendency to narrate and thus always <em>biased<\/em>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What the narratives are biased <\/strong><strong><em>against <\/em><\/strong><strong>is <\/strong><strong><em>randomness<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2014the inexplicability and importance of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/black-swan-theory\/\">Black Swans<\/a><\/strong>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silent Evidence Example #1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Take most CEOs\u2019 and entrepreneurs\u2019 (auto)biographies. These books attempt to draw a causal link between the CEO\/entrepreneur\u2019s (a) character traits, education, and business acumen and (b) later success. The \u201csilent evidence\u201d (which Taleb also calls \u201cthe cemetery\u201d) in these narratives<strong> is that there are many more people with the same attributes as the triumphant CEOs\/entrepreneurs who <\/strong><strong><em>failed<\/em><\/strong><strong>. <\/strong>The fact is, in business, like in so many other fields, <strong>the deciding factor is nothing other than <\/strong><strong><em>luck <\/em><\/strong><strong>(i.e., randomness).<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once we become attuned to the existence of \u201csilent evidence\u201d\u2014which we can think of as the \u201cflipside\u201d or contrary to any story we\u2019re told\u2014we can see it everywhere.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silent Evidence Example #2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, we base our knowledge of criminals and criminality on those that get caught (because the only criminals we know about are the ones that <em>get <\/em>caught). In other words, we have no real sense of how easy or hard it is to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-does-someone-manipulate-you\/\">get away with a crime<\/a>, because our notions about crime are formed solely by reports of <em>failed criminals<\/em>. The silent evidence is from the criminals that don&#8217;t get caught.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of criminality, our ignorance of silent evidence actually serves a socially positive function because it makes getting away with a crime look hard and thus dissuades would-be criminals. But silent evidence can also encourage socially detrimental behaviors, such as risk-taking. This is because the successful risk-takers are the ones whose story is told; the failed risk-takers end up in the cemetery (in Taleb\u2019s sense, but often literally as well).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silent Evidence Example #3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Take, for example, Giacomo Casanova, the legendary ladies\u2019 man and adventurer. Casanova was blessed with infallible luck\u2014somehow he always managed to escape whatever predicament he found himself in. He believed he had a \u201clucky star\u201d that watched out for him.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>But for every Casanova, there are dozens of wannabe adventurers and seducers whose risks don\u2019t pay off. This is the <\/strong>silent evidence. <strong>We get a skewed sense of the benefits of risk-taking because the successful risk-takers are the ones with the means to tell their tales.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Taleb doesn\u2019t acknowledge that stories of risks that fail spectacularly\u2014from Bernie Madoff to Theranos to Lehman Brothers\u2014<em>do<\/em> get told quite often.)<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silent Evidence Example #4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A more far-reaching variation on the concept of silent evidence is the \u201canthropic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cosmological-argument\/\">cosmological argument<\/a>.\u201d This argument, touted by physicists and philosophers alike, states that human existence cannot be a random occurrence because of the specificity and amount of factors that <em>provide <\/em>for that existence. In other words, the odds are so stacked against<em> <\/em>the fact of human existence, that the only possibility is that the world was created precisely to<em> allow <\/em>for our existence.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, what the anthropic cosmological argument suppresses is the evidence of all the other species that <em>didn\u2019t <\/em>thrive. This is silent evidence. We assume our beating the odds is the result of destiny, but it\u2019s really a matter of numbers: <strong>If you consider the incredible number of species competing for survival, it stands to reason <em>one\u2014<\/em>humans, in this case\u2014was going to win the jackpot<\/strong>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Our Tendency to \u201cTunnel\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A repercussion of the Distortion of Silent Evidence, \u201ctunneling\u201d describes the natural human tendency to favor <em>knowns <\/em>and <em>known unknowns<\/em> rather than <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/unknown-unknowns\/\">unknown unknowns<\/a><\/em>. In other words, <strong>our understanding of uncertainty is based almost exclusively on what <\/strong><strong><em>has happened<\/em><\/strong><strong> in the past rather than what <\/strong><strong><em>could have happened<\/em><\/strong>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The primary practitioners of tunneling are those Taleb calls \u201cnerds\u201d\u2014academics, mathematicians, engineers, statisticians, and the like. Nerds are those who think entirely \u201cinside the box\u201d; they Platonify the world and can\u2019t perceive possibilities that lie outside their scientific models and academic training.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is silent evidence? How does ignoring it give us an inaccurate picture of the world? Silent evidence is the \u201cflipside\u201d to any story we\u2019re told. It&#8217;s the tendency to forget that there are details of a situation that we don&#8217;t have access to. We&#8217;ll cover how the distortion of silent evidence leads to cognitive biases and why these distortions leave us surprised by and unprepared for the world&#8217;s randomness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4553,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-4536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","tag-black-swan","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Silent Evidence: 4 Surprising Ways You&#039;re Deaf to Reality - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Silent evidence is the tendency to forget there are details we don&#039;t have access to. Learn why distorting it makes us unprepared for life-changing events.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Silent Evidence: 4 Surprising Ways You&#039;re Deaf to Reality\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Silent evidence is the tendency to forget there are details we don&#039;t have access to. Learn why distorting it makes us unprepared for life-changing events.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-23T20:47:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-11T20:26:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/swan-silent-evidence.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"809\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"511\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amanda Penn\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amanda Penn\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amanda Penn\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/01b0e4c9ddb993e51d03808839d538b0\"},\"headline\":\"Silent Evidence: 4 Surprising Ways You&#8217;re Deaf to Reality\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-23T20:47:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-11T20:26:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/\"},\"wordCount\":776,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/swan-silent-evidence.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Black Swan\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/\",\"name\":\"Silent Evidence: 4 Surprising Ways You're Deaf to Reality - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/silent-evidence\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/swan-silent-evidence.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-23T20:47:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-11T20:26:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Silent evidence is the tendency to forget there are details we don't have access to. 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