{"id":45102,"date":"2021-08-12T19:50:51","date_gmt":"2021-08-12T23:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=45102"},"modified":"2021-08-15T19:11:02","modified_gmt":"2021-08-15T23:11:02","slug":"important-sentences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Identify the Most Important Sentences in a Book"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>How can you tell which are the most important sentences in a book? What are the best ways to unpack complicated sentences?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>How to Read a Book,<\/em> authors Adler and Van Doren suggest identifying an author&#8217;s most important sentences to find their leading proposition. Once you&#8217;ve identified the primary proposition, paraphrase it in your own words to make sure you really understand its meaning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn the best way to find and unpack an author&#8217;s most important sentences. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Finding the <strong>Most Important Sentences<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After identifying keywords, Adler and Van Doren recommend finding the author\u2019s leading propositions in her most important sentences. Important sentences express parts of the author\u2019s argument. Here are some tips on how to find them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Special sentences may be formatted stylistically or set apart (for example, with italics or underlining).&nbsp;<\/li><li>The important words are often contained in the important sentences. Therefore, if you spot a keyword, pay special attention to the sentence it\u2019s located in.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Pay attention to words that confuse you, rather than words that grab your interest. (Shortform note: Remember, the goal of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/analytical-reading-developing-your-own-views\/\">analytical reading<\/a> is to increase your understanding. It\u2019s perfectly fine to pause at a particularly interesting or entertaining sentence\u2014but if your goal is to better understand the author\u2019s ideas, your time is better spent wrestling with sentences you don\u2019t immediately understand.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Finding Key Sentences in the Digital Age<\/strong><br><br>In the modern era, there are other, high-tech ways of identifying important sentences that Adler and Van Doren couldn\u2019t imagine in 1972. For example, computer programmers in the field of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_language_processing\">natural language processing<\/a> have developed algorithms capable of reading digital text and <a href=\"https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/finding-the-most-important-sentences-using-nlp-tf-idf-3065028897a3\">automatically identifying key terms and sentences<\/a>. The program is partly based on the frequency of a given word in a text, but <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/the-artificial-impostor\/use-textrank-to-extract-most-important-sentences-in-article-b8efc7e70b4\">it has to distinguish between common-but-not-useful words (like \u201cand\u201d or \u201cthe\u201d) and the actual keywords of the text<\/a>. Once the program identifies the keywords based on frequency, it scans every single sentence and highlights those sentences with higher proportions of keywords\u2014which is essentially a computerized version of the process that Adler and Van Doren recommend.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identifying Propositions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Adler and Van Doren also advise unpacking complicated sentences to find all the propositions the author is making. For example, in <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-body-keeps-the-score\"><em>The Body Keeps the Score<\/em><\/a>, author and psychiatrist Bessel van der Kolk writes, \u201cNo matter how much insight and understanding we develop, the rational brain is basically impotent to talk the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/emotional-brain\/\">emotional brain<\/a> out of its own reality.\u201d We can break this sentence down into at least five propositions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Scientists have developed at least some understanding of this subject.<\/li><li>There are two parts of the brain: the \u201crational brain\u201d and the \u201cemotional brain.\u201d<\/li><li>These two parts of the brain can be in conflict with one another, despite being part of the same physical organ.<\/li><li>The rational brain may try to override the emotional brain.<\/li><li>The rational brain cannot overpower or \u201cturn off\u201d the emotional brain when it is activated.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Not all sentences that appear complex will actually be critical parts of an author\u2019s argument. In some cases, <a href=\"https:\/\/topcontent.com\/for-writers\/blog\/what-does-no-filler-or-fluff-mean-in-content-writing\/\">authors may use overly complex language<\/a> to mask a weak point in their argument. As you read, you\u2019ll need to distinguish between necessary complexity and fluff.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the authors,<strong> once you identify a proposition, you should rephrase it in the way most comfortable to you.<\/strong> This is the best way to verify that you understand it. If you can\u2019t restate the author\u2019s idea in your own words, you may have just memorized the words you\u2019ve read rather than truly understood the idea. This can lead to misunderstandings if you encounter the same argument, phrased differently, in another book\u2014you may think you\u2019re reading a brand new idea when you\u2019re really reading another wording of an idea you\u2019ve already read.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: To make sure your new understanding really sinks in, try writing down this restatement by hand rather than just thinking it through in your head or typing it on a keyboard. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesavvy.com\/19204\/why-you-remember-things-better-when-you-write-them-down\/\">The physical act of writing things down on paper requires more brain connections than typing<\/a> (as your brain is processing a more intense sensory experience as well as coordinating fine motor movements), and those extra connections aid your memory and understanding.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is especially helpful for comparative reading\u2014different authors say the same thing in different words, and this will help you see how they agree and disagree. (Shortform note: One example of this is the way different authors discuss the racist idea that people of a certain race are genetically superior to people of another race. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/biased\"><em>Biased<\/em><\/a>, author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/biased\/chapter-6\">Jennifer Eberhardt labels this idea \u201cscientific racism\u201d<\/a>; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/how-to-be-an-antiracist\"><em>How to Be an Antiracist<\/em><\/a>, author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/how-to-be-an-antiracist\/part-2\">Ibram X. Kendi calls the same idea \u201cbiological racism.\u201d<\/a> If you only think to search for one of these terms, you\u2019d miss out on hearing the other author\u2019s thoughts on this idea.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sequences of Sentences Form an Argument<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Adler and Van Doren, until an author supports her principles with reasons, they are merely opinions. You must distinguish between genuine knowledge and mere opinion. (Shortform note: This isn\u2019t always an easy task, especially in the era of \u201cfake news,\u201d in which both opinions and outright falsehoods are sometimes presented as fact. If you\u2019re unsure whether an author is sharing genuine knowledge or merely her own opinion masked as objective fact, consider consulting independent fact-checking organizations, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/\">FactCheck.org<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/\">Snopes<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How can you tell which are the most important sentences in a book? What are the best ways to unpack complicated sentences? In How to Read a Book, authors Adler and Van Doren suggest identifying an author&#8217;s most important sentences to find their leading proposition. Once you&#8217;ve identified the primary proposition, paraphrase it in your own words to make sure you really understand its meaning. Keep reading to learn the best way to find and unpack an author&#8217;s most important sentences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":45133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,34,15],"tags":[395],"class_list":["post-45102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-communication","category-education","tag-how-to-read-a-book","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Identify the Most Important Sentences in a Book - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In How to Read a Book, authors Adler and Van Doren suggest identifying an author&#039;s most important sentences to find their main proposition.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Identify the Most Important Sentences in a Book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In How to Read a Book, authors Adler and Van Doren suggest identifying an author&#039;s most important sentences to find their main proposition.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-12T23:50:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-15T23:11:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/highlight.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"873\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"481\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\"},\"headline\":\"How to Identify the Most Important Sentences in a Book\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-12T23:50:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-15T23:11:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/\"},\"wordCount\":935,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/highlight.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"How to Read a Book\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Books\",\"Communication\",\"Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/important-sentences\/\",\"name\":\"How to Identify the Most Important Sentences in a Book - 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