{"id":42653,"date":"2021-07-12T08:24:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T12:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=42653"},"modified":"2021-07-20T15:46:46","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T19:46:46","slug":"stock-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/stock-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"The Stock Economy: Lifting the Veil off the Stock Market"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

How does the stock market economy work? Why are so many people deterring from buying shares? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The stock economy is a sector of the economy that is shrouded in secrecy. Complex jargon scares potential investors who don\u2019t have a background in economics or finance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article will help to lift that curtain. It will explain how stock prices are valued and why companies hire economists to help them play the stock market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

How Do Investors Make Money in the Stock Market<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s difficult to make more money<\/a> than an average investor in the market. This is because, if you\u2019re following the law (and not trading off of insider information), everyone is working with the same information. A report that says that stock prices will go up tomorrow, for example, will make stock prices go up today because people will buy them expecting them to go up tomorrow. When investors buy more of a company\u2019s stock than other investors sell, the stock price goes up. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Future Value<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Economists are hired by investment firms or individuals because they are generally right about the market\u2019s direction a little bit more often than they are wrong. This is because they understand the future of markets a little bit better than the average person. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stock prices are the representation of what the market thinks a company will earn in the future. <\/strong>Investors and economists are attempting to judge not the current profitability of a company, but what the current numbers and the state of the economy mean for a company\u2019s future <\/em>profitability. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you buy a stock, you\u2019re buying a small part of the company. Theoretically, as a shareholder, you get back part of a company\u2019s profits. In practice, though, shares are more about prospects <\/em>than profits. <\/em>When a company makes a profit, it generally reinvests that money into growing its business. Companies spend money on development of a new product or advertising of an existing one. As a shareholder in a company, you\u2019re betting that they\u2019ll have more success with their reinvestments and general future growth than the market assumes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Running With the Crowd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As the above example showed, when playing in the stock economy it\u2019s generally safest to run with the crowd. <\/strong>If a lot of people think a company is going to be successful, buy stock in it, because the stock price is likely to go up. This theory, though, also means that the stock market makes a lot of mistakes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Often, investors can get an entire industry wrong. The dot com bubble<\/a> of the early 2000s happened because investors started investing a lot of money in every internet company, no matter how unsuccessful they looked. At the height of the bubble, the market was pricing internet companies as if they would grow more quickly in the future than any group of companies ever. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some technology companies, like Microsoft, did have good fundamentals and withstood the bubble better than many. But lots of internet companies didn\u2019t have a clear growth plan, and so, after they couldn\u2019t report growth, came crashing back down to earth. Investors ran with the crowd upwards until the argument for historic growth became untenable. <\/strong>Then, they ran with the crowd on the way down. This sort of groupthink<\/a> can lead to wild swings in the market. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Price\/Earnings Ratio<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A good way to value a company is to look at the ratio of the price of the stock to the earnings of a company. Historically, the total price to earnings ratio has hung around 16 to one. Before making a long-term investment in a company, always take a look at the company\u2019s fundamentals. But in particular, if the company\u2019s stock price is more than 16 times greater than its earnings, take an even closer look. This means that the market thinks the company will grow quickly. <\/em>It also means that it\u2019s due for a crash. Again, in the dot com bubble, the total price to earnings ratio of internet companies skyrocketed past 16 to one. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Competition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The shares of a company should only rise if the market has good reason to believe that the future profits <\/em>of a company will be high. This doesn\u2019t have much to do with wider changes in the global economy<\/a>. We might assume that during the railroad boom, if an investor got in at the ground floor with a successful rail company, they\u2019d make huge dividends. But even the best rail companies only reaped a modest dividend, while the less successful went bankrupt because competition between <\/em>rail companies kept profits for all of them modest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

New technology can also change the way an industry competes and affect stock prices. The internet, for example, devalued portions of the music industry that relied on album sales from brick and mortar stores. The internet also enabled new music companies to rise and reap the benefits of internet sales. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amazon<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The company Amazon is a good case study for this. Its original business model was to use the internet to sell books. It provided a service using a new technology. The company was overvalued at the height of the dot com bubble, selling for almost $100 per share. It crashed back down to around $10 per share and has since climbed back to about $40 per share. The $40 per share price, though, still suggests that investors believe the company will grow more quickly than its numbers indicate. It\u2019s possible that once again, investors going with the crowd has driven the price of Amazon stock up beyond where it should be priced. The fundamentals of the company will ultimately determine its success, but in the short term, going with the crowd on the way up can still make an investor money. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: This analysis is based on market conditions at the time The Undercover Economist<\/a> <\/em>was published, in 2005. In late 2020, Amazon stock was trading at around $3,100 per share. If you had invested $4,000 in Amazon when The Undercover Economist <\/em>was published, for 100 shares at $40 per share, and held your position, you\u2019d have about $310,000 worth of Amazon stock.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How does the stock market economy work? Why are so many people deterring from buying shares? The stock economy is a sector of the economy that is shrouded in secrecy. Complex jargon scares potential investors who don\u2019t have a background in economics or finance. This article will help to lift that curtain. It will explain how stock prices are valued and why companies hire economists to help them play the stock market.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":23204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,31],"tags":[430],"class_list":["post-42653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-money","tag-the-undercover-economist","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Stock Economy: Lifting the Veil off the Stock Market - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The stock economy is a sector of the economy that is shrouded in secrecy. 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