{"id":41415,"date":"2021-07-10T13:57:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-10T17:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=41415"},"modified":"2021-07-11T13:25:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-11T17:25:08","slug":"are-games-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/are-games-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Are Games Art or Stories? Raph Koster&#8217;s Take"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are games art? Are games stories? Or are games metaphors? Can they be all three, and why does it matter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Game designer and author of <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/a-theory-of-fun-for-game-design\/\">A Theory of Fun for Game Design<\/a><\/em>, Raph Koster, delves into these questions in his book. Koster wants to legitimize gaming because of the potential benefits games could have on society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading for Koster&#8217;s opinion on games&#8217; role in society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Games as an Artform<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Are games art? This question is often pondered by gamers and critics, hoping to legitimize gaming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider these definitions. Simple entertainment provides comforting, simplistic information. In contrast, <strong>art provides challenging information that you have to think about to absorb<\/strong>. The author argues that games certainly fulfill this criterion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many people have tried to classify games as art based on the following factors: their degree of interactivity, their level of fun; their formality of rules or systems. The author rejects these as missing the point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All media go through a transition period where they\u2019re seen as frivolous indulgences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Paintings were criticized for robbing reality of its essence.<\/li><li>Novels were considered gothic nonsense for housewives.<\/li><li>Film began as trashy kinetoscopes at penny arcades.<\/li><li>Jazz was seen as devil music leading young people astray.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Media also go through Apollonian and Dionysian periods\u2014the former is about developing the medium as a medium; the latter is about what could be said with that medium. A new medium matures with time as people continue to explore what the medium can communicate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If games are to follow the pattern of history, they\u2019re certain to be taken seriously as art sometime in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Differences Between Games and Stories<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Games feature stories, but the author argues that games and stories are different:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Games tend to teach by direct experience. Stories teach vicariously through the experiences of others.<\/li><li>Games objectify, quantify, and classify\u2014they are rigid. Stories blur, deepen, and are good at empathy\u2014they feel softer and more nuanced.<\/li><li>Games are external\u2014about people\u2019s actions. Stories are internal\u2014about people\u2019s emotions and thoughts.<\/li><li>Games generate player narratives. Stories provide a narrative to the audience.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Other points about stories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Some weaker games are more narrative than game. They\u2019re the equivalent of asking the player to solve a crossword puzzle to turn the next page of the novel.<\/li><li>Often games have stories that reflect the core themes of the game. Since many games tend to be about power and control, the stories tend to be juvenile.<\/li><li>Often stories are merely used to give positive feedback to the player.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Games cannot convey the same breadth that literature can, but they provide greater richness, complexity, and interactivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of trying to think about whether games can feature stories, invert the question\u2014<strong>can we make stories fun the way games can be?<\/strong> Unlike a static paperback, these fun stories would need to be interactive and give fast feedback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Dressing on Games<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Many games are more than just abstract rules\u2014there is more \u201cwindow dressing\u201d on them. Games may feature characters, a story, and images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Games use these fictional metaphors to add variations to an underlying game. However, <strong>the metaphor is often ignored by players to focus on the underlying pattern.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, checkers has a metaphor of royalty: there is a \u201cking me\u201d move, and the pieces have crowns.<\/li><li>But games are largely about getting people to see past the superficial variations to understand the underlying patterns. Hence the author says, \u201cgamers are good at seeing past fiction.\u201d<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The best test of a game\u2019s fun is playing with no graphics, music, sound, or story.<\/strong> If this is fun, then all the dressing will amplify the fun. If it\u2019s not fun, then no amount of dressing will make it fun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is why gamers disagree with criticism of games as teaching bad values or having gratuitous violence. In the game Grand Theft Auto, gamers don\u2019t see the action as \u201crun over a prostitute,\u201d they see \u201cget a powerup.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the author argues that the visual representation and metaphor are still part of the experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A game where you throw contorted humans down a pit, and they eat each other when you form a line, is like Tetris, but the experience is different.<\/li><li>This is similar to how we consider dance to be choreography plus costuming plus narrative. Or that Picasso\u2019s <em>Guernica<\/em> as a painting would be perceived differently if it weren\u2019t about Guernica.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A mismatch between the core of the game and the dressing can result in problematic conflicts. For example, an aiming-shooting game about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/social-unity\/\">social cohesion<\/a> would be confusing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So game designers have a responsibility, like all media creators, to avoid transgressing social boundaries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are games art? Are games stories? Or are games metaphors? Can they be all three, and why does it matter? Game designer and author of A Theory of Fun for Game Design, Raph Koster, delves into these questions in his book. Koster wants to legitimize gaming because of the potential benefits games could have on society. Keep reading for Koster&#8217;s opinion on games&#8217; role in society.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":41427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,24],"tags":[413],"class_list":["post-41415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-society","tag-a-theory-of-fun-for-game-design","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Are Games Art or Stories? Raph Koster&#039;s Take - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are games art? Should they be taken seriously? They may not be seen as such yet but Raph Koster thinks this will change in the future.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/are-games-art\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Are Games Art or Stories? Raph Koster&#039;s Take\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are games art? Should they be taken seriously? They may not be seen as such yet but Raph Koster thinks this will change in the future.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/are-games-art\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-10T17:57:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-11T17:25:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/boy-playing-game.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"981\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"556\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/are-games-art\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/are-games-art\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\"},\"headline\":\"Are Games Art or Stories? 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