{"id":38146,"date":"2021-06-04T15:28:48","date_gmt":"2021-06-04T19:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=38146"},"modified":"2021-06-14T10:34:19","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T14:34:19","slug":"paradox-jobs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/paradox-jobs\/","title":{"rendered":"The Paradox Jobs Pose to Flow: Why We Prefer Leisure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What do jobs pose a paradox to flow? How can we enter a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/flow-state-complete-guide\/\">flow state<\/a> doing work that we don&#8217;t enjoy? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his book <em>Flow, <\/em>Csikszentmihalyi performed a study to determine whether we entered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-flow-state\/\">the flow state<\/a> more at work or during leisure time. As it turns out, participants enjoyed their leisure time more even though they entered the flow state more often at work. This is the paradox jobs pose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue below to learn more about Csikszentmihalyi&#8217;s findings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-b5a0eea0-fb18-4d72-8e7e-dd5b53004717\"><strong>Our Paradoxical Relationship With Work <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-fe4a275b-9163-40e0-90bf-3c7bd853d8da\">To examine people\u2019s relationship with work, leisure, and flow, Csikszentmihalyi, the author of <em>Flow, <\/em>paged his study participants at eight random times during the day for two weeks and asked them to report several things:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-74d2d68f-cbfd-489e-b4ba-a9da72829c45\"><li>What they were doing<\/li><li>How they were feeling<\/li><li>How many challenges they were dealing with<\/li><li>How many skills they were using<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-c18d940b-0b7d-4eaf-b797-a896f57fd4f3\"><strong>A person was deemed to be experiencing flow when they were dealing with an above-average number of challenges for the week, and they were using an above-average number of skills. <\/strong>Here are the results:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-3267f5cd-24e3-4337-9c0a-f60c58f358d9\"><li>Overall, people reported being in flow about 33 percent of the time.<\/li><li>During work, people reported being in flow 54 percent of the time.<\/li><li>During leisure\u2014including activities such as eating out, socializing with friends, and watching TV\u2014people reported being in flow just 18 percent of the time. (People also reported being in flow less frequently doing leisure activities that required <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/external-resources\/\">outside resources<\/a>, such as equipment or energy, versus those that didn\u2019t.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9f3cc76e-336b-4723-861e-e95d46274e21\">The more regularly a person was in flow, the more likely they were to report a high quality of experience. When in flow, they described feeling \u201cactive,\u201d \u201ccreative,\u201d \u201cconcentrated,\u201d \u201cmotivated,\u201d and \u201cstrong.\u201d In contrast, people experiencing apathy\u2014facing a below-average number of challenges and using a below-average number of skills\u2014described feeling, \u201cdull,\u201d \u201cdissatisfied,\u201d \u201cpassive,\u201d and \u201cweak.\u201d People were apathetic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-992f4288-202e-44c8-94e7-71036cf7f747\"><li>16 percent of the time at work.<\/li><li>52 percent of the time during leisure.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-28a69d86-71b1-4199-84a5-52ab3dff4cf1\">The type of work and role also affected the <em>percent of the time<\/em> people experienced flow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-3fdd7e90-6785-476c-9af7-7fbd584b61d9\"><li>Blue-collar workers were less often in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/flow-at-work\/\">flow at work<\/a> (47 percent) than office workers (51 percent) and managers and supervisors (64 percent).<\/li><li>Managers and supervisors experienced flow less often in leisure (15 percent) than office workers (16 percent) and blue-collar workers (20 percent).<\/li><li>Managers were less likely to be apathetic at work than blue-collar workers (11 percent versus 23 percent).<\/li><li>Blue-collar workers were less likely to be apathetic during leisure than managers (46 percent versus 61 percent).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ce9aa49c-de65-4079-95c0-0fd10ed6fc43\">Lastly, as part of the study, Csikszentmihalyi asked people whether they would rather be doing a different activity. Their response indicates how motivated they feel about their current activity. <strong>This question revealed an interesting paradox<\/strong> <strong>about jobs: When working, people were more likely to say they would rather be doing something else, even if they were in flow; when in leisure, they were content to keep doing what they were doing, even if they weren\u2019t in flow.<\/strong> In other words, even though people reported better quality of experience while working, they still wished they had more leisure time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-acd9be7b-f152-46d1-80d4-2bf4906b7610\"><strong>Why People Feel Negatively About Work<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7195f090-2656-48f4-9f31-d022886c2a24\">There are several ways to explain why someone might <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/striving-for-more\/\">strive for more<\/a> leisure time and less work time, even when work offers higher-quality experiences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-5e90fc4d-e437-4557-9063-7efbc0821aeb\">1. <strong>The work is too challenging.<\/strong> It\u2019s possible that people\u2019s jobs are so demanding that they prefer to do less-challenging leisure activities, such as watching TV. However, there are plenty of people, whose jobs are demanding, but who still seek out challenging leisure activities, so this isn\u2019t the most viable explanation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-1c074ea0-aacc-41bd-a532-a63cd0452eb6\">2. <strong>The work conflicts with your goals. <\/strong>You might perceive working as being in conflict with your goals in two ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-c1d2ccc9-cdc5-473a-b19f-657a46b666b7\"><li><strong>Work impedes your goals. <\/strong>Even if you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-enjoy-work\/\">enjoy your work<\/a> in the moment, you may not fully appreciate it if you think it detracts from achieving goals that are more meaningful to you.<\/li><li><strong>You work because you have to, not because you want to. <\/strong>If your only motivation to work is because it pays rather than because it\u2019s satisfying, you\u2019ll be less likely to enjoy it.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-367ab856-4dfc-4404-91b8-36840d725a40\">3. <strong>Job dissatisfaction outweighs the benefits of working. <\/strong>Though you may enjoy some parts of your job, these may not be sufficient to balance the parts you dislike. Ideally, you\u2019d work to improve the dissatisfying elements. Here are three categories of dissatisfaction and their solutions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-c33d55ad-bd52-480d-bdd8-aa65cccfcee0\"><li><strong>Burnout<\/strong>. When a job demands too much of your attention and you face frequent stress, you might experience burnout. When you\u2019re stressed, it\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-it-so-hard-to-focus-2\/\">difficult to focus<\/a> and do your best work. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-are-the-main-causes-of-stress\/\">What causes stress<\/a> varies from person to person. For example, someone may find the idea of taking on an additional work project stressful while another will embrace the challenge\u2014it\u2019s about how you perceive the challenges you face. <strong>To reduce stress and improve the quality of your experience, change your attitude about the opportunities available to you and take steps to align your work with your goals.<\/strong> For example, implementing a new organization system could help streamline aspects of your work so they\u2019re not so stressful. Strategies to cope with stress will be discussed further in Chapter 9.<\/li><li><strong>Little challenge or variety. <\/strong>Challenging experiences are one way to generate flow. Similarly, a role that allows you to do a variety of tasks rather than one repetitive task is more likely to produce flow. How challenging or how much variety you have in your work depends on how <em>you<\/em> act on the opportunities available to you rather than the role itself\u2014take advantage of the opportunities you have available to shape the role into what you want it to be.<\/li><li><strong>Coworker conflict. <\/strong>When you don\u2019t get along with your coworkers, it can sap your energy. To deal with coworker conflict, which can stem from conflicting agendas, it\u2019s best to develop and work on your personal goals while also helping others work on theirs. This is more time-consuming than focusing only on your own goals, but it\u2019s usually more satisfying.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What do jobs pose a paradox to flow? How can we enter a flow state doing work that we don&#8217;t enjoy? In his book Flow, Csikszentmihalyi performed a study to determine whether we entered the flow state more at work or during leisure time. As it turns out, participants enjoyed their leisure time more even though they entered the flow state more often at work. This is the paradox jobs pose. Continue below to learn more about Csikszentmihalyi&#8217;s findings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":38153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,160,30],"tags":[377],"class_list":["post-38146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-science","category-work","tag-flow","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Paradox Jobs Pose to Flow: Why We Prefer Leisure - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jobs pose a paradox to flow: we are more often in a state of flow at work than during leisure time, but we still prefer leisure. 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