{"id":36072,"date":"2021-05-28T17:17:05","date_gmt":"2021-05-28T21:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=36072"},"modified":"2021-06-06T21:21:41","modified_gmt":"2021-06-07T01:21:41","slug":"modern-individualism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modern-individualism\/","title":{"rendered":"When Modern Individualism Threatens Antifragility"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is modern individualism? How does this play into the idea of antifragility?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern individualism is the idea that the survival of one is more important than the survival of a group. This can be harmful in terms of antifragility and survival of a species. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more about modern individualism and antifragility below. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Evolution: When Antifragility Benefits Others<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of the species, it\u2019s the genetic information that is preserved and strengthened as individuals die; the biologist Robert Trivers explored this conflict between individuals and genetics with his concept of the \u201cselfish gene.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To see the necessity of evolution, which is fueled by danger and unpredictability, consider a hypothetical organism that doesn\u2019t reproduce and never ages. Sooner or later, it would be bound to encounter a situation\u2014perhaps a predator, an accident, or a disease\u2014that it\u2019s not prepared for. Unless this organism could somehow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/no-one-can-predict-the-future\/\">predict the future<\/a> with perfect accuracy, or was prepared for literally any possibility, something would eventually kill it and that would be the end. There would be no chance for antifragility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, if we consider an organism\u2019s genetic information rather than the organism itself, we can see antifragility at work. Organisms that aren\u2019t well suited to their environment will die out, while the ones that are suited to it will survive and pass on their genes. Therefore, the population as a whole will become stronger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: To further explore the ideas of selfish genes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-selfish-gene\">read our summary of Richard Dawkins\u2019s book <em>The Selfish Gen<\/em>e<\/a>; Trivers wrote the original foreword for that book.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can see here that there are actually two kinds of randomness at work: randomness in the species and randomness in the environment. The random environmental stressors will see which of the random differences in the species is most fit, and those will be the ones to survive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These concepts also extend beyond biology. For example, a town known for its great restaurants could only get to that point if the mediocre restaurants went out of business. Environmental stress\u2014in this case, in the form of competition\u2014is necessary to keep the local restaurant scene strong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, while many entrepreneurs and small business owners will see their businesses fail (possibly at great cost to themselves), we should admire them for taking the risk and thank them for making the economy as a whole stronger by their failure.&nbsp;Whether organisms or businesses, the core concept of evolution is that individuals die, and as a result the \u201cspecies\u201d becomes more fit for the environment. Therefore, evolution is a sort of higher-level antifragility; rather than helping the individual facing the challenge, it helps the population as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When Helping Individuals Harms the Group<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This chapter started with the point that antifragility at a higher level depends on fragility at a lower level. Therefore, it stands to reason that the opposite is also true: Protecting the lower level from harm will weaken the system as a whole\u2014or, more accurately, prevent it from getting stronger. Science has no way\u2014yet\u2014to prevent cells from dying and being replaced by stronger ones, or to make individual organisms immortal, but we can see this principle function in modern economics.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a government bails out companies to protect them from their own mistakes or weaknesses, it drains resources from everyone else and stops other companies from learning from their competitors\u2019 mishaps. For example, consider the enormous bank bailout that the U.S. Federal Reserve paid for in the late 2010s: An estimated $7.77 trillion went to artificially stabilize the economy, rather than allowing the banks to collapse and the economy to naturally strengthen itself by recovering from the shock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Modern Individualism<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In many ways, this struggle between the group and the individual is strictly a human phenomenon, and it\u2019s fairly new even to us. In the past, mainly prior to the Enlightenment, individual people were practically irrelevant. Groups\u2014kingdoms, churches, and so on\u2014were all that mattered. If those groups ended up slaughtering huge numbers of individuals in wars, or witch trials, or what have you, then so be it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People even considered families more important, by far, than the individual members of those families. It wasn\u2019t unheard of for someone to wipe out his savings to clear the debt of a distant cousin, just to protect the family name. In fact, doing so was seen as a duty. This same lack of self-interest can be seen by soldiers who willingly march off to war to die for their country, or rioters who lose all fear of authority when caught up in the energy of the group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the modern focus on the individual\u2019s security and happiness is, of course, helpful and healthy at the personal level, individuals can\u2019t survive without the system that they live in. Therefore, valuing the individual <em>too <\/em>much\u2014that is, at the expense of the system as a whole\u2014will ultimately be harmful to everyone.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Types of Weakness<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of the restaurants that go out of business, thereby strengthening the local restaurant scene\u2014or if the U.S. banks had been allowed to collapse as they should have\u2014we can see a particular type of weakness: the kind that strengthens others. It doesn\u2019t have to be companies that go out of business\u2014imagine a person who watches someone else slip on the ice and fall, and so knows to be careful on that spot. That\u2019s an example of this type of error. So is a plane crashing due to a systems failure, thereby providing valuable information about a weakness in the systems that the manufacturer can then (hopefully) correct.This is antifragility at work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, there\u2019s another type of weakness, a systemic weakness where one point of fragility can bring down the entire system. This happens when, rather than letting a fragile individual die, the system tries to bring in more and more resources to protect it. Imagine if a prey animal were being attacked by a predator and, instead of simply letting it die, other prey animals tried to save it. They would likely be slaughtered, and the damage to the population would be much worse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Therefore, to reiterate the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/core-message\/\">key point<\/a>, antifragility of a system or group depends on the fragility of its parts.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is modern individualism? How does this play into the idea of antifragility? Modern individualism is the idea that the survival of one is more important than the survival of a group. This can be harmful in terms of antifragility and survival of a species. Read more about modern individualism and antifragility below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":36078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,24],"tags":[295],"class_list":["post-36072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-self-improvement","category-society","tag-antifragile","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>When Modern Individualism Threatens Antifragility - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modern individualism is a fairly new concept. Historically, the survival of a species meant a focus on the group. Here&#039;s what that means.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modern-individualism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When Modern Individualism Threatens Antifragility\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Modern individualism is a fairly new concept. Historically, the survival of a species meant a focus on the group. 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