{"id":33382,"date":"2021-04-23T09:55:58","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T13:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=33382"},"modified":"2021-04-29T21:26:59","modified_gmt":"2021-04-30T01:26:59","slug":"psychology-of-expectations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychology of Expectations: You Get What You Expect"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What does the psychology of expectations tell us? Is it possible to unlearn expectations?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The psychology of expectations says that you will get what you expect. This means that if you expect Coke to taste better than Pepsi, then it will, even if you&#8217;d rate Pepsi better in a blind taste test. This is because expectations have a huge impact on your experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn more about the psychology of expectations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Psychology of Expectations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Rationally<\/em>, when you and another person witness an event together, you should have roughly the same experience and account of what happened. Of course, this isn\u2019t always the case. Imagine that you\u2019re at the dog park and your dog and another start fighting. You\u2019re outraged because the other dog clearly started the fight. To your surprise, the other dog\u2019s owner is also outraged, convinced <em>your <\/em>dog was the instigator.&nbsp;This is because the psychology of expectations says you will get what you expect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your knowledge that your dog is always friendly makes you <em>sure<\/em> that he couldn\u2019t have started the fight\u2014but of course, the other owner feels the same way about her own dog. <strong>As it turns out, your perception of events is heavily colored by your expectations and knowledge going into an experience. This doesn\u2019t just influence your <\/strong><strong><em>belief<\/em><\/strong><strong> of what happened\u2014your expectations can <\/strong><strong><em>physically modify<\/em><\/strong><strong> your sensory perceptions<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Experiment: Beer and Vinegar&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>At MIT, students were offered a choice between two beers. <em>Beer A<\/em> was regular Budweiser, and <em>Beer B <\/em>was Budweiser with two drops of balsamic vinegar added to each ounce. Each student was asked to taste the two beers and then choose which they\u2019d like a pint of.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Students who weren\u2019t given any information about the beers usually <em>chose the vinegar-laced Beer B <\/em>after the taste test.<\/li><li>Students who were told about the vinegar before the taste test overwhelmingly favored Beer A.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In the second part of the experiment, students were divided into two groups: those who were informed about the vinegar in their beer <em>before<\/em> they tasted it, and those who were informed <em>after <\/em>they tasted the beer. The results showed that those who learned about the vinegar after they tasted the beer enjoyed it much more than those who had expectations about the vinegar beforehand. According to satisfaction surveys given in both parts of the experiment, those who learned about the vinegar post-tasting enjoyed the beer just as much as those in the blind taste test who didn\u2019t know about the vinegar at all.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The students\u2019 experience with the beer was not changed by the <em>information<\/em> they had\u2014if this was the case, both the groups who were informed about the vinegar would have given a low rating, whether they\u2019d received the information before or after. <strong>This experiment reveals that experiences are shaped by the psychology of <em>expectation<\/em>\u2014the information we have before an experience is much more influential than the information acquired after the experience.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Awareness of Expectation Influence Matters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Expectations\u2014conscious and subconscious\u2014exist in all facets of your life, so it\u2019s important to understand how your expectations are influenced and how to keep your expectations as unbiased as possible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, the influence of expectation shows up in fairly innocuous ways. Much of your perception of how good or bad food products are depends on their branding. For example, in blind taste tests, most people prefer the taste of Pepsi to Coke. However, when people are told ahead of time whether they will be drinking Pepsi or Coke, they tend to enjoy the taste of Coke more. This is because Coca-Cola advertisers work hard to associate their brand with pleasant images and memories so that you quite literally \u201ctaste the feeling\u201d that their advertisements evoke.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other times, expectations can have far-reaching and detrimental effects. <em>Stereotypes<\/em> lead us to expect that certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/three-types-of-people\/\">types of people<\/a> will behave a certain type of way. We then act unjustly toward them, based on what we <em>expect<\/em> they\u2019ll be like\u2014not based on what they\u2019re <em>actually<\/em> like.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, your expectations for yourself can be influenced by stereotypes about <em>yourself.<\/em> One study of Asian-American women revealed just how easily this can happen. Stereotypically, women are often considered weaker in mathematics, but Asian-Americans are considered very good at math. In the experiment, there were two groups of Asian-American women.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Group A answered a series of questions pertaining to their <em>gender<\/em> and then took a math exam.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Group B answered a series of questions pertaining to their <em>race<\/em> and then took the same math exam.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The results showed that those women who were primed to think about their gender\u2014and subconsciously, the attached stereotype\u2014performed worse than those who were primed to think about their race.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to Unravel Your Expectations&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>It\u2019s very difficult to \u201cunlearn\u201d the information that colors your experience of an event, but you can find ways to work around this information in order to make decisions and sort through problems as rationally as possible.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of our irrational conflicts and arguments stem from people arguing \u201ctheir\u201d side of an experience or agreeing with whichever side they <em>expect<\/em> to be better. You see this all around you\u2014in sports, spousal arguments, and even international conflicts. There are several ways to get around this.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, if possible, you can lay out the unbiased facts of what happened, not <em>who did what<\/em>. For example, \u201cMoney was taken from the joint account to make a large purchase. One person didn\u2019t know about the purchase. The joint account was agreed upon as a saving-only account, not spending.\u201d This prevents accusations and highlights factual discrepancies that might be fueling a misunderstanding.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Second, you can ask a neutral third party to step in and help you hash out arguments\u2014such as a couples therapist.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What does the psychology of expectations tell us? Is it possible to unlearn expectations? The psychology of expectations says that you will get what you expect. This means that if you expect Coke to taste better than Pepsi, then it will, even if you&#8217;d rate Pepsi better in a blind taste test. This is because expectations have a huge impact on your experiences. Keep reading to learn more about the psychology of expectations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":33401,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,9],"tags":[270],"class_list":["post-33382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-motivation","category-psychology","tag-predictably-irrational","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Psychology of Expectations: You Get What You Expect - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The psychology of expectations says that you will get what you expect. This is because expectations have a huge impact on your experiences.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Psychology of Expectations: You Get What You Expect\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The psychology of expectations says that you will get what you expect. This is because expectations have a huge impact on your experiences.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-23T13:55:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-04-30T01:26:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hand-over-eyes.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1084\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"649\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\"},\"headline\":\"Psychology of Expectations: You Get What You Expect\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-23T13:55:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-30T01:26:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/\"},\"wordCount\":1002,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hand-over-eyes.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Predictably Irrational\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Motivation\",\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/\",\"name\":\"Psychology of Expectations: You Get What You Expect - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/psychology-of-expectations\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hand-over-eyes.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-23T13:55:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-30T01:26:59+00:00\",\"description\":\"The psychology of expectations says that you will get what you expect. 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