{"id":22119,"date":"2020-12-22T09:13:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T13:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=22119"},"modified":"2021-01-04T00:19:08","modified_gmt":"2021-01-04T04:19:08","slug":"seven-stages-of-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/seven-stages-of-action\/","title":{"rendered":"The Seven Stages of Action: Behavior and Its Results"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What are the seven stages of action? How can this philosophy apply to design?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The seven stages of action refer to the way we interact with new objects. By using the seven stages of action, people are trying to figure out how things work, and if it worked when they used it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more about the seven stages of action and how they apply to design. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more cRead more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Evaluating Behavior With the Seven Stages of Action<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When we interact with a new object, we have two problems to solve: \u201cHow do I use this?\u201d and \u201cDid that work?\u201d Author Don Norman calls these \u201cthe gulf of execution\u201d and \u201cthe gulf of evaluation.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The Gulf of Execution <\/strong>refers to the process of figuring out what an object does and how to use it. This can happen either before using the object or while trying it out. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/affordance-design\/\">Affordances<\/a>, signifiers, and mapping are tools designers use to help users bridge this gulf.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The Gulf of Evaluation<\/strong> occurs after using an object and refers to the process of evaluating what the device did and whether that action matched our goals. Feedback and accurate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/increase-focus\/\">mental models<\/a> are the most helpful tools for bridging this gulf.&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Seven Stages of Action<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The gulfs above are important because they represent the two components of an action: execution and evaluation. We can break these down even further for a total of seven stages that take us from the impetus of an action all the way through to successful completion. (If seven distinct steps seems excessive, remember that for <em>most<\/em> actions in our daily lives, these stages play out completely unconsciously. We only become aware of them for tasks that are unfamiliar or confusing.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A great example of this is driving a car. Experienced drivers make turns and merge into traffic without much conscious thought. The seven stages of action have become automatic through repetition, only requiring thought when something novel comes up, like construction blocking a particular road. New drivers, on the other hand, consciously think through every step. Where an experienced driver might think \u201cI need to turn left,&#8221; a new driver would think \u201cI need to slow down, check my mirrors, check for oncoming traffic, turn the wheel, hit the gas pedal with just the right amount of force, then turn the wheel back again.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The seven stages of action are: goal, plan, specify, perform, perceive, interpret, compare.<\/strong> These steps carry the user across the gulfs of both execution and evaluation. The first stage, \u201cgoal,&#8221; sets the standard that will be used later to determine if the action was successful. The next three stages (plan, specify, perform) bridge the Gulf of Execution, while the final three stages (perceive, interpret, compare) bridge the Gulf of Evaluation. Each of these stages answers a particular question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Goal: What result do I want to achieve?<\/li><li>Plan: What options do I have for achieving my goal?<\/li><li>Specify: Which of these options will I choose?<\/li><li>Perform: How do I execute my plan?<\/li><li>Perceive: What happened when I did that?<\/li><li>Interpret: What does that result mean?<\/li><li>Compare: Did I reach my goal?<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/wtFJ540XO5xM3YzKmmgsrVv3qujqiSFvZmAFFIZJBxgz5TDzV3MLCmngnWncIcXmFvx32RscmVEGJnh9ycuSHRdICLG4V7zbFv2RA78NnBBAbzwf_6g9gxKDbdH9Nzr7RpbuMPVo\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s use the driving example again to see the seven steps in action. In that case, they may look something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Goal: I need to go grocery shopping.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Plan: Should I drive to the store or take the bus?<\/li><li>Specify: I think I\u2019ll drive.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Perform: I\u2019ll follow the usual route to the store instead of a new one.<\/li><li>Perceive: Everything went smoothly and I\u2019ve parked at the store.<\/li><li>Interpret: This means I can now go inside and shop.<\/li><li>Compare: I\u2019ve met my goal of going grocery shopping!<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>In the example above, the action was successful in achieving the goal. However, the goal of going grocery shopping is part of an overall system that includes both larger and smaller goals. For example, if I\u2019m making a particular recipe but don\u2019t have an ingredient I need, going grocery shopping would become a subgoal of my overall goal of making that recipe. Grocery shopping itself would have multiple subgoals: locating each ingredient in the store, loading the groceries back into the car, and so on.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are the seven stages of action? How can this philosophy apply to design? The seven stages of action refer to the way we interact with new objects. By using the seven stages of action, people are trying to figure out how things work, and if it worked when they used it. Read more about the seven stages of action and how they apply to design.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":9832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,9,160],"tags":[179],"class_list":["post-22119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-motivation","category-psychology","category-science","tag-the-design-of-everyday-things","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Seven Stages of Action: Behavior and Its Results - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When we see a new object we ask: how does it work? Did it actually work? There are seven stages of action with a new object. Here they are.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/seven-stages-of-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Seven Stages of Action: Behavior and Its Results\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When we see a new object we ask: how does it work? Did it actually work? There are seven stages of action with a new object. 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