{"id":20320,"date":"2020-12-10T22:50:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-11T02:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=20320"},"modified":"2020-12-15T15:24:53","modified_gmt":"2020-12-15T19:24:53","slug":"ethnic-racism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ethnic-racism\/","title":{"rendered":"Ethnic Racism: The Hierarchy Within Races"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is ethnic racism? How does it use further divide races to create a hierarchy within a race?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ethnic racism is the idea that, within a race, some ethnic groups are better than others. In How to Be an Antiracist<\/em>, Ibram X. Kendi offers the example of how some indigenous people were considered civilized tribes and others were considered wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keep reading to understand ethnic racism, how it started, and Ibram X. Kendi’s experiences with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

What Is Ethnic Racism<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ethnic racism <\/strong>is a combination of racist policies and ideas that causes and maintains racial inequities between racialized ethnic groups, the main idea being the belief that there\u2019s a hierarchy within races\u2014certain ethnic groups within a race are superior or inferior to others within the same race. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example #1: European colonizers decided that there were \u201cFive Civilized Tribes\u201d of Indigenous people. The Seminole, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Cherokee were civilized, and all the other Indigenous ethnic groups were wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example #2: The ethnicities African American and Indian are both racialized as Black. A 1999 study found that West Indian immigrants thought African Americans were lazy and lacking family values, and the African Americans thought West Indian immigrants were selfish and arrogant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The truth is, there is no hierarchy of ethnicities. <\/strong>Ethnic groups are different from each other, but none of them are superior or inferior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History and Invention of Ethnic Racism<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ethnic racism comes from the slave trade\u2014certain enslavers had favorite ethnic groups and thought these groups made better slaves than others.<\/strong> Most American planters thought Ghanaians made the best slaves and Angolans the worst. The reasoning was invented\u2014one Frechman attributed the strong work ethic<\/a> of captives from Ghana to the fact that that part of Africa is barren, so people who live there have to work hard to cultivate the land to survive. Allegedly, because Angola had fertile land, it was easy to find food without working hard for it, so Angolans were naturally lazier. However, Angolans were the most traded ethnic group and the first to arrive in the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some ethnic racism may also stem from the idea that continental Africans allegedly enslaved \u201ctheir own people.\u201d However, Africans who enslaved other Africans didn\u2019t see everyone in Africa as belonging to the same group<\/strong>\u2014as we learned, the Portuguese made up the concept of race, and it wasn\u2019t globally accepted until around the 20th century. Africans who were involved in the slave trade weren\u2019t selling members of their own ethnic group, they were selling other Africans, who were just as different to them as White people. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Immigrants Do Better Than African Americans<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Because inequities between <\/em>races tend to be very obvious and inequities within <\/em>races less so, racist policies that create inequalities within groups are less contested even though they can be just as bad as the inequalities between races.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, when studies began to reveal that Black immigrants, on average, have a higher family income than African Americans, people wondered why, and then made up their own justifications. For example, a 1996 Economist <\/em>commentator wrote that Black immigrants are more hardworking and entrepreneurial than African Americans. Therefore, according to the commentator, racism couldn\u2019t have a hand in the difficulties of African Americans because Black immigrants were Black too, and they were doing fine. African Americans were struggling because they were lazier and less motivated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when Black immigrants are compared to immigrants from other racialized groups, the racism that people like the Economist <\/em>commentator challenged rears its head again. Black immigrants are the most educated group of immigrants to the US, but they earn less than non-Black immigrants and have the highest rate of unemployment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Black immigrants being more successful than African Americans doesn\u2019t have anything to do with their ethnicity, it has to do with the fact that they\u2019re immigrants.<\/strong> People who choose to immigrate are usually people who are ambitious and resilient or have a lot of resources. Ambition, resilience, and resources make it easier to succeed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Immigration Laws and Racism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Even though some people inaccurately believe that Black immigrants are superior to African Americans, there were periods of US history where racist power didn\u2019t want any<\/em> people of color entering the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Policies included the Chinese Restriction Act (1882), Emergency Quota Act (1921), and President Coolidge\u2019s Immigration Act (1924) that restricted the immigration of non-White people. Coolidge and his supporters thought that only White immigrants could keep America \u201cAmerican.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1990s, the Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), the Refugee Act (1980), and the Immigration Act (1900) were supposed to make up for the Coolidge-era policies by encouraging immigration to the US from non-European countries. The new policies did increase immigration, and by 2000, the Latinx immigrant population was 14.1 million (compared to 4.2 million in 1980) and in 2015, Black immigrants made up 8.7% (three times as high as the 1980 number) of the country\u2019s Black population. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, 100 years later, Jeff Sessions and other American politicians are trying to go back to the Coolidge era. Sessions said that the current immigration numbers are as high as those of 1924 and that, as in 1924, the US should limit immigration again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibram\u2019s Experiences<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ibram has had plenty of experience with ethnic racism over the years. When he was younger, he held ethnically racist ideas<\/a> that he later realized were a problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eighth Grade Class<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In Ibram\u2019s eighth grade class, everyone was made fun of for something. Because of his large head, Ibram was nicknamed Bonk, after a cartoon character with a ridiculously large head who headbutted his enemies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another student, Kwame, was Ghanaian, and the class made fun of him for being an immigrant. <\/strong>They likened him to Akeem, a prince from a fictional African country who comes to Queens to find a wife in the movie Coming to America<\/em>. Throughout the movie, characters make fun of Akeem by suggesting that Africa is uncivilized and things like wearing clothes must be a new experience for him. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Neighborhood<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ibram also experienced tensions between ethnic groups in his neighborhood. Ibram\u2019s neighbors were a Haitian immigrant couple with sons Ibram became friends with. While the parents were polite, they kept Ibram at a distance. He thought it might have had something to do with the fact that at the time, African Americans were exhibiting bigotry towards Haitian immigrants. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where Are You From?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

People often assume Ibram is an immigrant because ethnic racists assume that as a successful writer and professor, he can\u2019t be African American. <\/strong>When he answers that he\u2019s from Queens, his father is from New York, his mother is from Georgia, and that he\u2019s a descendant of enslaved Africans, the questioners give up. They either think he\u2019s an exception, or they lecture him about how lazy his ethnic group generally is.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is ethnic racism? How does it use further divide races to create a hierarchy within a race? Ethnic racism is the idea that, within a race, some ethnic groups are better than others. In How to Be an Antiracist, Ibram X. Kendi offers the example of how some indigenous people were considered civilized tribes and others were considered wild. Keep reading to understand ethnic racism, how it started, and Ibram X. Kendi’s experiences with it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,12,24],"tags":[165],"class_list":["post-20320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-relationships","category-society","tag-how-to-be-an-antiracist","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nEthnic Racism: The Hierarchy Within Races - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is ethnic racism? It's discrimination that ranks ethnic subgroups of a race. There's no merit to this kind of hierarchy. 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