{"id":20312,"date":"2020-12-07T21:10:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T01:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=20312"},"modified":"2020-12-16T18:03:08","modified_gmt":"2020-12-16T22:03:08","slug":"antiracism-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/antiracism-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Your Antiracism Guide: Key Terms, Policies, &#038; Big Ideas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Do you need an antiracism guide? What are the key terms you need to know for your goal of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/becoming-an-antiracist\/\">becoming an antiracist<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This antiracism guide provides key terms related to racism and antiracism. In <em>How to Be an Antiracist<\/em>, understanding these terms is foundational to antiracism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading for the antiracism guide to key terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antiracism Guide: Key Terms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An important principle of antiracism is to clearly define words related to racism. This antiracism guide will also offer examples to contextualize the definitions. Definitions are important for two reasons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>They allow us to accurately describe the world and its principles.<\/li><li>They force us to be honest. If definitions are flexible, people can spin and manipulate words to present themselves in a better light or silence conversations.<ul><li>For example, the word \u201cracist\u201d has acquired so many negative connotations that it\u2019s become so offensive people are afraid to use it, and anyone who\u2019s accused of being racist denies it. This results in people not speaking up about racism. In reality, words like \u201cracist\u201d and \u201cracism\u201d aren\u2019t pejoratives\u2014they\u2019re descriptive terms that are necessary for identifying and, subsequently, dismantling racism.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>How to Be an Antiracist <\/em>uses the following definitions for its antiracism guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A race, or <\/strong><strong><em>racial group<\/em><\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong>is a hierarchical category into which people are sorted. <\/strong>These categories aren\u2019t based on culture, biology, or ethnicity\u2014they were invented by historical powers in order to gain power over groups of people. There are six races in the US: Latinx, Asian, African, European, Indigenous, and Middle Eastern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A race maker is a person who creates racial groups and subgroups.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>(Shortform example: An example of a race maker is Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, who divided humans into five races based on what their skulls looked like.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Racial<\/em><\/strong><strong> is an adjective that means related to race. <\/strong>It doesn\u2019t imply any hierarchy or superiority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><strong><em> racial inequity<\/em><\/strong><strong> is an unjust imbalance between racial groups.<\/strong> It\u2019s important to understand that racial inequities are caused by <em>policies<\/em>, not people within races.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Example #1: In 2014, 71% of White families lived in homes they owned while only 45% of Latinx and 41% of black families owned their homes. Black and Latinx families are not inherently less deserving or less capable of homeownership than White families\u2014rather, the imbalance is caused by a series of policies (some of which are discussed in later chapters).<\/li><li>Example #2: White people live 3.5 years longer than Black people in the US, and twice as many Black infants die as White ones. Again, this is not because Black people are inherently less healthy and robust than White people. It\u2019s because a series of policies have resulted in fewer resources and higher health risks in Black communities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Antiracism Guide: People, Their Ideas, and Their Behaviors<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Racist<\/em><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>as a noun, <strong>refers to a person who believes that some races are inferior to others and who supports racist policies, whether by creating them or by not working to dismantle them. <\/strong>\u201cRacist\u201d is a descriptive term, not a permanent identity\u2014people can make both racist and antiracist decisions throughout their lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, White supremacists are racists\u2014they believe that White people are superior to all other groups and they vote for politicians who will enact racist policies.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A <\/strong><strong><em>racist idea<\/em><\/strong><strong> is an idea that implies one racial group is better or worse than another.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of a racist idea is believing that Black people aren\u2019t as studious as White people.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Antiracist<\/em><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>as a noun, <strong>refers to a person who believes that all races are equal and who supports antiracist policies. <\/strong>It\u2019s also a descriptive term, not a permanent identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For example, Ibram is an antiracist\u2060\u2014he believes that all races are equal, and he founded the Antiracist Research and Policy Center to work towards dismantling racist policies.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>An <\/strong><strong><em>antiracist idea<\/em><\/strong><strong> is an idea that implies all racial groups are equal.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of an antiracist idea is believing that there are no differences in studiousness between Black and White people.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong><em>microaggression <\/em><\/strong><strong>is the constant, daily abuse that White people subject people of color to.<\/strong> Most White people aren\u2019t aware they\u2019re committing microaggressions. While the term \u201cmicroaggression\u201d is widely used, Ibram doesn\u2019t use it because \u201cmicro\u201d implies that daily abuse is minor, which it isn\u2019t, and \u201caggression\u201d is vague. He prefers the term \u201cracist abuse.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of microaggression or racist abuse is a White woman clutching her possessions to herself when a Black person sits next to her.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Macroaggression <\/em><\/strong><strong>is large-scale abuse directed at people of color.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of microaggression is violence.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Racism and Antiracism: Policies<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A<\/strong><strong><em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/protest-vs-demonstration\/\">racist policy<\/a><\/em><\/strong><strong> is any law, procedure, process, guideline, or rule, written or unwritten, that causes or maintains racial inequity. <\/strong>\u201cSystemic racism,\u201d \u201cstructural racism,\u201d and \u201cinstitutional racism\u201d are synonyms, but Ibram prefers to use \u201cracist policy\u201d because it\u2019s more straightforward and concrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Example #1: Some of Nixon\u2019s fiercest criticism came from Black people and antiwar critics, so he created a policy to attack them. The policy allowed law enforcement to raid their homes and meetings in search of drugs.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Example #2: Ohio required newly registered voters in the 2004 federal election to submit their voter-registration forms on a particular kind of expensive paper, which made it harder to register. The policy appeared to target <em>all<\/em> newly registered voters, irrespective of race, but a large percentage of newly registered voters were Black, meaning the policy caused racial inequity.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>An <\/strong><strong><em>antiracist policy<\/em><\/strong><strong> is any law, procedure, process, guideline, or rule, written or unwritten, that causes or maintains racial equity.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>(Shortform example: The 1965 Voting Rights Act made it illegal to prevent people from voting based on their race.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Racial discrimination<\/em><\/strong><strong> is treating a group of people in a particular way based on their race.<\/strong> Racial discrimination is only racist when it creates inequity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of racial discrimination is a policy that temporarily helps an underrepresented group. While related to race, this policy isn\u2019t racist because it aims to create equity between groups.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Racism<\/em><\/strong><strong> is a combination of racist policies and ideas that causes and maintains racial inequities.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of racism is the combination of policies that resulted in Black and Latinx people making up 56% of the prison population in 2016 even though they represent only around 25% of the US population. White people make up 30% of the prison population and 60% of the US population.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Antiracism <\/em><\/strong><strong>is a collection of antiracist policies and ideas that cause racial equality.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of antiracism is the combination of the Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), the Refugee Act (1980), and the Immigration Act (1900) that encouraged immigration to the US from non-European countries. Examples like this help bring the antiracism guide to life.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you need an antiracism guide? What are the key terms you need to know for your goal of becoming an antiracist? This antiracism guide provides key terms related to racism and antiracism. In How to Be an Antiracist, understanding these terms is foundational to antiracism. Keep reading for the antiracism guide to key terms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":20567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,43],"tags":[165],"class_list":["post-20312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-self-improvement","tag-how-to-be-an-antiracist","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Your Antiracism Guide: Key Terms, Policies, &amp; Big Ideas - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are you trying to learn more about racism and antiracism? This antiracism guide can help. 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