{"id":17222,"date":"2020-10-21T17:48:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T21:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=17222"},"modified":"2020-11-08T22:22:59","modified_gmt":"2020-11-09T02:22:59","slug":"mass-incarceration-the-new-jim-crow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mass-incarceration-the-new-jim-crow\/","title":{"rendered":"Mass Incarceration Is the New Jim Crow in the US"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is mass incarceration? How is mass incarceration the new Jim Crow?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mass incarceration and race show a significant connection. Because of this, Michelle Alexander argues that mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more about mass incarceration, <em>The New Jim Crow,<\/em> and the mass incarceration of African Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mass Incarceration: <strong>The New Jim Crow<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexander argues that the public is in denial about the magnitude of the mass incarceration (the New Jim Crow) problem. Obama lectures on too many black fathers missing, and black women complain about not finding good black men, but they rarely point to a major cause &#8211; mass incarceration of African Americans.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even worse, the war on drugs and mass incarceration is now a fact of life, and racial stereotypes are now embraced broadly, even by some black people. Possibly to resolve cognitive dissonance, <strong>people argue that criminals chose to commit criminal actions, and they deserve the punishment.<\/strong> They think, \u201cthe criminal justice system is now colorblind, so any correlation of arrests with race must reflect intrinsic behavior traits, not systematic racial bias.\u201d Thus, mass incarceration and race go hand-in-hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Draw an analogy to a birdcage, wherein if you think about racism by examining only one wire of the cage, it\u2019s difficult to understand why the bird is trapped. <strong>The New Jim Crow is a birdcage, a set of structural arrangements that subjugates a race politically, socially, and economically.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, the mass incarceration (the New Jim Crow):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Uses the War on Drugs to arrest large numbers of black men, through strong financial incentives and legal protection of discretion that may be racially biased.<ol><li>In essence, black men are <em>made <\/em>criminals at higher rates than white men, despite not having significantly higher rates of drug crime. So, it is mass incarceration of African Americans.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><li>Hands down disproportionately harsh sentences to black men and limits effective legal representation.<\/li><li>Imposes sanctions on ex-criminals outside of prison that prevent reintegration and encourage recidivism.<\/li><li>(Shortform addition: This environment (absent fathers, racial stigma) disadvantages black youth and adds them back into the cycle.)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>History Repeats Itself<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Like mass incarceration, the New Jim Crow bears many similarities to the old Jim Crow &#8211; the desire of white elites to exploit the vulnerabilities of poor whites; legalized discrimination; political disenfranchisement.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are less obvious parallels to Jim Crow, especially considering mass incarceration and race:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/racial-segregation\/\">Racial segregation<\/a><ul><li>During Jim Crow, segregation compartmentalized black experience from whites, making it easier to maintain racial stereotypes and deny suffering.<ul><li>Some historians argue concentration of blacks in urban neighborhoods is a consequence of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deseretnews.com\/article\/865633377\/How-government-policy-created-ghettos-according-to-one-historian.html\">deliberate government policies meant to perpetuate segregation<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Mass incarceration does the same, stuffing black men in prisons out of sight, even further away than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jim-crow-segregation-nasa\/\">Jim Crow segregation<\/a> did.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Prisoners returning home concentrate further in poor neighborhoods, which have limited resources.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Symbolic production of race<ul><li>Slavery defined being black as being a slave. Jim Crow defined being black as being a second-class citizen. Mass incarceration defines being black as being criminal.<\/li><li>Experiment: react to this statement: \u201cwe really need to do something about the problem of white crime.\u201d If this sounds a little odd to you, reflect on how natural \u201cblack crime\u201d sounds.<\/li><li>What it means to be a criminal has become conflated with what it means to be black.<\/li><li>A black person\u2019s first time of being arrested or searched hammers home: \u201cthis is what it means to be black.\u201d<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And compared to the old Jim Crow, there are differences that make the current situation possibly even more difficult:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Racial stigma defeats racial solidarity<ul><li>The stigma of black criminality has turned the black community against itself, in contrast to black solidarity during the civil rights era. This makes it harder to unify a community against unfair policies.<\/li><li>Politicians who support tough on crime policies can hold up black supporters as proof that they\u2019re not being racist.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Absence of racial hostility<ul><li>Things have improved in many respects &#8211; a majority of Americans oppose racial discrimination. There are no longer signs of \u201cwhites only\u201d schools.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Some may use this to claim that things are fine as is. It leads to a sense of complacency, that things don\u2019t need to change.<\/li><li>But just because there isn\u2019t overt racial hostility doesn\u2019t mean the current system isn\u2019t racially biased. It would be impossible to imagine mass incarceration of young white men.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>White victims of racial caste<ul><li>Some reject the problem based on the idea that whites are also harmed by the war on drugs and incarceration, as opposed to clear white superiority in Jim Crow times. This makes it easier to see the criminal justice system as colorblind.<\/li><li>Alexander argues that white people are collateral damage in the concerted racialization of crime in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/politics-in-media\/\">politics and media<\/a>. The goal from the beginning was to build a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/racial-caste-system\/\">racial caste system<\/a>, and whites getting caught in it is not proof otherwise.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Black support for \u201cget tough\u201d policies<ul><li>Some argue: in contrast to Jim Crow, many blacks seem to support the current system, wanting more police and order in their crime-ridden neighborhoods. In fact, <em>ignoring<\/em> crime in poor urban communities would be racial discrimination.<\/li><li>The truth isn\u2019t so simple, but black communities are torn between loving their own and abhorring gangs and violence.<\/li><li>Furthermore, black people have little to gain and much to lose by countering the rules of the establishment, which can make their complicity deceptive. This has been true of black elites in the Jim Crow era.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is mass incarceration? How is mass incarceration the new Jim Crow? Mass incarceration and race show a significant connection. Because of this, Michelle Alexander argues that mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow. Read more about mass incarceration, The New Jim Crow, and the mass incarceration of African Americans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":16430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,25],"tags":[146],"class_list":["post-17222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society","category-statistics","tag-the-new-jim-crow","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mass Incarceration Is the New Jim Crow in the US - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is mass incarceration the new Jim Crow? According to Michelle Alexander, the answer is yes. 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