{"id":15745,"date":"2020-10-02T23:18:32","date_gmt":"2020-10-03T03:18:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=15745"},"modified":"2020-10-11T17:13:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-11T21:13:36","slug":"reflective-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflective System: When You Have to Pause and Think"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is the Reflective System? How does it differ from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\">the Automatic System<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Reflective System is the type of thinking that is deliberate. In contrast, the Automatic System has instinctive thinking. Both systems are a part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-do-we-make-decisions\/\">how we make decisions<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more about the Reflective System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview of the Reflective System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many psychologists and neuroscientists have begun to theorize the brain\u2019s function by drawing a distinction between intuitive, instinctual thinking and deliberate, rational thinking: <strong>the <\/strong><strong><em>Automatic System<\/em><\/strong><strong> and the <\/strong><strong><em>Reflective System<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Automatic System comprises the almost instantaneous actions or reactions that, in normal conversation, we might call \u201cunthinking.\u201d This system is engaged when we flinch at motion near our face or adopt a silly voice to address a pet or child; it also includes what we mean when we say we have a \u201cgut feeling\u201d about something. (It also happens to be the part of our brain we <em>share <\/em>with our pets.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Reflective System, oppositely, is what we engage when we apply our brains to something consciously, for example, a nonobvious math problem or a career decision. When we say we\u2019re \u201cmulling it over\u201d or \u201cconsidering all the options,\u201d we\u2019re using the Reflective System or using reflective thinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the Automatic System is essential in certain situations\u2014for example, when we grasp the railing if we trip on the stairs\u2014it can get us into trouble when a situation calls for slow, conscious thought (for example, when deciding with health insurance plan to choose). <strong>A key finding of the behavioral economics literature is that humans far too often think automatically when they should be thinking reflectively<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Robust Feedback Mechanisms<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Many of Humans\u2019 most egregious mistakes occur when they make once-or-twice-in-a-lifetime decisions, for which information and feedback are in short supply<\/strong>\u2014for example, taking out a mortgage or choosing a health insurance plan. Decisions made with reflective thinking can be hard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The libertarian paternalistic answer to mistakes born of insufficient feedback is a regulatory system known as Record, Evaluate, and Compare Alternative Prices (RECAP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under a RECAP regime, public and private entities are required to provide clear and replicable reports of all essential data concerning their products. This data can then be used to compare prices, fees, and features with competing products. This contrasts to \u201cfine print\u201d features of contracts or hidden fees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, as it concerns mortgages, RECAP would require mortgage lenders to provide borrowers with an electronic file with the loan\u2019s interest rate, all applicable fees, and a schedule of payments over the life of the loan. The file could then be uploaded into third-party software for comparison with other files uploaded by other users. <strong>In other words, RECAP allows Humans to use their Reflective System rather than their Automatic one<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Improving Feedback<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A noninvasive means to better informing the public of environmental costs is strengthening the disclosure requirements for firms. The evidence shows that even in the absence of explicit emissions caps or regulations, <strong>a statute that mandates firms track and publicly disclose the environmental impacts of their business activities has significant corrective effects<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act, enacted by the US Congress in 1986 in the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine, is a case in point. The statute requires firms to disclose publicly the types and amounts of toxic chemicals they\u2019re either storing or releasing into the environment. This data is then compiled in the Toxic Release Inventory (which can be found on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/importance-of-environmental-protection\/\">Environmental Protection<\/a> Agency\u2019s website). Even though the Inventory is essentially a bookkeeping effort\u2014that is, no punishments are triggered by firms\u2019 disclosures\u2014it has resulted in large reductions in toxic chemical releases. This is because major polluters are \u201cblacklisted\u201d by environmental groups, resulting in bad publicity and reduced revenues. <strong>Essentially, lists like these work as a social nudge, pushing companies toward more environmentally-conscious practices.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To combat climate change, for example, using the nudge of better feedback, governments could create a \u201cGreenhouse Gas Inventory\u201d that records data from the largest emitters. Another possibility is to mandate that cars feature a sticker that reports their fuel economy and average annual gas costs\u2014<strong>the idea being that people will be less inclined to buy gas guzzlers when they have to advertise how (in)efficient their car is<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>An even bolder application of this kind of nudge would find it curtailing <em>individuals\u2019 <\/em>energy use<\/strong>. One idea is to give individuals constant feedback on their energy use\u2014one researcher used an \u201cAmbient Orb\u201d that glowed green when energy use was low, red when energy use was high\u2014and then to facilitate the public sharing of that information, perhaps via social media or an online registry. That way, individuals could compare their energy use with others and \u201ccompete\u201d to be the most energy efficient. People process this information with reflective thinking. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the Reflective System? How does it differ from the Automatic System? The Reflective System is the type of thinking that is deliberate. In contrast, the Automatic System has instinctive thinking. Both systems are a part of how we make decisions. Read more about the Reflective System.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,9],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-15745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-motivation","category-psychology","tag-nudge","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Reflective System: When You Have to Pause and Think - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When you think through an issue carefully, you&#039;re using your Reflective System. See how it works and how the Automatic System differs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reflective System: When You Have to Pause and Think\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you think through an issue carefully, you&#039;re using your Reflective System. See how it works and how the Automatic System differs.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-03T03:18:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-11T21:13:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Nudge-reflective-system-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rina Shah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d07435826f13a8f422d5d333dceac287\"},\"headline\":\"Reflective System: When You Have to Pause and Think\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-03T03:18:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-11T21:13:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\"},\"wordCount\":820,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Nudge-reflective-system-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Nudge\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Motivation\",\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\",\"name\":\"Reflective System: When You Have to Pause and Think - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Nudge-reflective-system-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-03T03:18:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-11T21:13:36+00:00\",\"description\":\"When you think through an issue carefully, you're using your Reflective System. 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