{"id":1568,"date":"2019-10-01T19:24:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-01T23:24:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=1568"},"modified":"2022-03-08T09:48:43","modified_gmt":"2022-03-08T13:48:43","slug":"mutual-gain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Find Mutual Gains in Negotiation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When entering a negotiation, you often think only of your own interests. How could it benefit you to negotiate a deal that results in mutual gains? And is it possible to achieve mutual gains without compromising what you want?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Believe it or not, finding mutual gains is in your best interest as well as the other party&#8217;s best interest. We&#8217;ll look at why seeking mutual gains is important in negotiations and how to find mutual gains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Mutual Gain<\/strong>s?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A common challenge in negotiations arises when there doesn\u2019t seem to be a way to split the pie that serves both sides. The choice seems to be having a winner and a loser, and neither side wants to lose. But the dilemma opens up the opportunity for creative options that expand the pie before dividing it. A creative solution can break an impasse and result in a better agreement and mutual gains.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But standard negotiation methods don\u2019t often produce many opportunities for mutual gain. The people on both sides don\u2019t see a need for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-brainstorm-effectively\/\">brainstorming<\/a> multiple solutions. They believe they have the right answer, that their position is reasonable, and that it should be accepted.&nbsp; A suggestion to split the difference is as creative as they get. The resulting agreement doesn\u2019t serve either party as well as it should and doesn&#8217;t result in mutual gains.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are some additional obstacles to generating multiple options and finding mutual gains during negotiations:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Premature criticism<\/strong>: Your inner critic hinders your imagination. You also fear the other side\u2019s reaction to a proposal \u2014 either dismissing it or taking it as a commitment. You fear jeopardizing your bargaining position.<\/li><li><strong>Searching for the one best answer<\/strong>: People see their job as narrowing the options, not expanding them, which would make things more complicated. They\u2019re afraid discussion will delay and confuse the process; they\u2019re looking for the single best offer.<\/li><li><strong>Assuming the size of the pie is fixed<\/strong>: People see the situation as either\/or, a fixed-sum game ($100 for you means $100 less for me. I can only satisfy you at my expense.) They believe that if one side wins, the other side must lose.<\/li><li><strong>Reluctance to seek ways to satisfy the other side<\/strong>: Each side is concerned only with its immediate interests. Neither can detach and think of ways to satisfy the other side or the interests of both. They also may hesitate to legitimize the other side\u2019s views. This leads to self-serving proposals.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to Increase the Options<\/strong> for Mutual Gains<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To invent creative options, separate the act of inventing from judging, broaden the options beyond a single answer, explicitly search for mutual gains, and make decisions easy.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Separate Inventing from Deciding&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Since judgment gets in the way of imagination, set up a brainstorming session for your side to come up with creative ideas that can be winnowed and refined later.&nbsp;At this point, you can focus on your own goals rather than solutions that offer mutual gains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>To get started with brainstorming<\/strong>: Establish <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/your-life-purpose\/\">your purpose<\/a>: what do you want to leave the meeting with? Choose a small group of participants (five to eight). Choose a time and place conducive to creativity. Choose a facilitator to keep things on track.<\/li><li><strong>During brainstorming<\/strong>: Sit facing a whiteboard. Ban criticism and clarify other ground rules. Brainstorm \u2014 come up with a long list of ideas, approaching the topic from every angle. List the ideas on the whiteboard.<\/li><li><strong>After brainstorming<\/strong>: Identify the most promising ideas. Relax the no-criticism rule. Think of ways to improve on the best ideas and implement them. Set up a time to finalize the list, deciding which ideas to put on the table for negotiation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Brainstorming with people from the other side can also be valuable.<\/strong> Benefits include producing ideas that encompass all interests and offer mutual gains, creating a problem-solving climate, and increasing each side\u2019s understanding of the other\u2019s concerns. It\u2019s important, however, to distinguish brainstorming from a negotiation session: Discuss options rather than take positions; ask questions rather than making assertions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Broaden Your Options<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The next step toward finding mutual gains is broadening your options. When you create a large number and variety of options, you develop room in which to negotiate. Creating options involves four steps, including both general and specific thinking:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Describe the problem<\/strong>. What\u2019s wrong? What are the symptoms of the problem? What are the current facts compared to an ideal situation?<\/li><li><strong>Analyze the problem<\/strong>. Name\/diagnose the problem, categorize symptoms, suggest possible causes, and note barriers to fixing the problem.<\/li><li><strong>Consider various approaches<\/strong>. What are some possible strategies and prescriptions?<\/li><li><strong>Come up with ideas for action.<\/strong> What could be done? What specific steps could be taken to deal with the problem?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You can start with general thinking and move to specifics or go backward. When you have a promising idea, go back and try to identify the general (theoretical) approach behind it. This could generate more ideas along the same line.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are some additional ideas for generating options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Think like an expert<\/strong>. Imagine how experts in different fields would view your problem. For example, consider a child custody issue from the perspective of a teacher, minister, lawyer, doctor, and psychiatrist. What questions would they ask; what would their priorities be?<\/li><li><strong>Consider a range of agreements<\/strong>, from looser to more binding. In case you can\u2019t reach an optimal agreement, have backup plans. Agree on a procedure for moving forward if you can\u2019t agree on substance (for instance, hiring a mediator or arbitrator). Clarify where you agree and disagree. Consider a tentative, \u201cin principle,\u201d non-binding, or contingent agreement.<\/li><li><strong>Consider changing the scope<\/strong>. Break down the agreement into smaller parts, possibly limited to particular matters, involving few parties, or remaining in effect for a limited period. On the other hand, consider how expanding the scope could make the agreement better or more attractive.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Look for Mutual Gain<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now it&#8217;s time to get over the assumption that the pie is fixed, that \u201cif you get less, I get more.\u201d Usually, this isn\u2019t the case. <strong>There\u2019s almost always a way both sides can gain through a creative solution that addresses shared interests and results in mutual gains.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes shared interests aren\u2019t obvious, but making the effort to find them is in your interest. The alternative, in which the other side gets nothing, is also bad for you. For example, if your customer goes away feeling cheated, you\u2019ll lose both the customer and your reputation. Also, you want the other side to be satisfied enough to comply with the agreement.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additional points about mutual gain to keep in mind are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Shared interests exist in every negotiation, though you can\u2019t always see them. If they\u2019re not immediately obvious, ask the other side about their goals and the reasons behind the goals.<\/li><li>Shared interests are opportunities, but not slam dunks \u2014 you have to make something of them. Take a shared interest and shape it into a shared goal that\u2019s concrete and future-oriented.<\/li><li>Emphasizing shared interests can make negotiations smoother and friendlier. People de-emphasize differences when pursuing mutual interests.<\/li><li><strong>You can reach an agreement even if each side wants different things, as long as those things are complementary<\/strong>, or low-cost to one side and high-benefit to the other.&nbsp; Recall the Jack Sprat nursery rhyme, in which Jack\u2019s and his wife\u2019s dietary preferences were complementary (he couldn\u2019t eat fat; she couldn\u2019t eat lean). There are many common areas of complementary interests. For example, one side may care more about reputation while the other cares more about results. One side may be focused on immediate concerns while the other is taking the long view. Other complementary interests include economic versus political considerations and internal versus external concerns.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Make It Easy for the Other Side to Decide in Your Favor<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You succeed in negotiations when the other side agrees to give you what you want. You should make this decision as easy for them as possible. That means taking care of their interests and striving toward solutions that offer mutual gains. To broaden your thinking beyond your immediate interests, put yourself in their shoes:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pick a specific person<\/strong>. The other side may include multiple people and entities. Ask yourself who you\u2019re trying to influence and zero in on a person. Consider the problem and possible solutions from that person\u2019s perspective. You can\u2019t negotiate with an abstract entity such as \u201cthe university.\u201d&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Draft several potential agreements attractive to them<\/strong>. Make the terms attractive to them, but beneficial to both sides. Make the agreements easy to implement. Make them seem legitimate (the right thing to do) in terms of being legal, fair, and honorable. Base them on a comforting precedent so they\u2019re consistent with their past views and actions.<\/li><li><strong>Clarify the consequences, good and bad<\/strong>. Consider the consequences of agreeing from their perspective. What results would they desire and what would they fear? Focus on making the positive results even more attractive: how could they defend accepting it to their constituents; what are some specific things they might like. Finally, draft a proposal they could say \u201cyes\u201d to (one that\u2019s satisfactory, realistic, and can be implemented).<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When entering a negotiation, you often think only of your own interests. How could it benefit you to negotiate a deal that results in mutual gains? And is it possible to achieve mutual gains without compromising what you want? Believe it or not, finding mutual gains is in your best interest as well as the other party&#8217;s best interest. We&#8217;ll look at why seeking mutual gains is important in negotiations and how to find mutual gains.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,29],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-1568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-career","tag-getting-to-yes","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Find Mutual Gains in Negotiation - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why negotiate a deal that results in mutual gains? And is it possible? 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Learn the importance of seeking mutual gains and how to do it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-01T23:24:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-08T13:48:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/getting-to-yes-mutual-gain.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"764\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"513\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amanda Penn\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amanda Penn\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amanda Penn\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/01b0e4c9ddb993e51d03808839d538b0\"},\"headline\":\"How to Find Mutual Gains in Negotiation\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-01T23:24:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-08T13:48:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/\"},\"wordCount\":1557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/getting-to-yes-mutual-gain.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Getting to Yes\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Business\",\"Career\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/\",\"name\":\"How to Find Mutual Gains in Negotiation - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mutual-gain\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/getting-to-yes-mutual-gain.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-01T23:24:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-08T13:48:43+00:00\",\"description\":\"Why negotiate a deal that results in mutual gains? 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