{"id":15663,"date":"2020-09-26T19:57:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-26T23:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=15663"},"modified":"2020-10-12T17:14:29","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T21:14:29","slug":"automatic-thinking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatic Thinking: When Your Subconscious Drives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is automatic thinking? How does it differ from reflective thinking?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Automatic thinking is your instant reaction. It is different from thinking that is part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reflective-system\/\">Reflective System<\/a>. When you use automatic thinking, you make decisions quickly and without much consideration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more about automatic thinking and what it is used for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reflective vs. Automatic Thinking<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many psychologists and neuroscientists have begun to theorize the brain\u2019s function by drawing a distinction between intuitive, instinctual, automatic thinking and deliberate, rational thinking: <strong>the <em>Automatic System<\/em> and the <em>Reflective System<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Automatic System comprises the almost instantaneous actions or reactions that, in normal conversation, we might call \u201cunthinking.\u201d This system is engaged when we flinch at motion near our face or adopt a silly voice to address a pet or child; it also includes what we mean when we say we have a \u201cgut feeling\u201d about something. (It also happens to be the part of our brain we <em>share <\/em>with our pets.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Reflective System, oppositely, is what we engage when we apply our brains to something consciously, for example, a nonobvious math problem or a career decision. When we say we\u2019re \u201cmulling it over\u201d or \u201cconsidering all the options,\u201d we\u2019re using the Reflective System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Automatic Thinking System<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reflective Thinking System<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fast<br>Unconscious<br>Immediate<br>Mindless<br>Easy<\/td><td>Slow<br>Conscious<br>Delayed<br>Mindful<br>Labor-intensive<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the Automatic System is essential in certain situations\u2014for example, when we grasp the railing if we trip on the stairs\u2014it can get us into trouble when a situation calls for slow, conscious thought (for example, when deciding with health insurance plan to choose). <strong>A key finding of the behavioral economics literature is that humans far too often think automatically when they should be thinking reflectively<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Automatic System Overpowering the Reflective System<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychologists have determined that we engage with the world through two systems: one with automatic thinking, which is intuitive, instinctual, and immediate; and the Reflective, which is rational, deliberative, and delayed. Certain decisions\u2014choosing the appropriate risk allocation for your 401(k), for example\u2014require the Reflective System, but we all too often \u201cgo with our gut,\u201d meaning we rely on our intuition rather than cold, cool thinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>External Strategies for Self-Control<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Coextensive with our two systems of thinking, the Automatic and the Reflective, are <strong>two discrete selves: a \u201cPlanner,\u201d who attempts to organize our lives rationally so that we avoid temptation, and a \u201cDoer,\u201d who\u2019s easily swayed by momentary feelings and desires<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although Planners can be quite effective at restraining Doers\u2014by buying smaller packages of sweets, say, or placing the alarm clock where a Doer can\u2019t hit the Snooze button\u2014sometimes they need help from external sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Internal Strategies for Self-Control<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While some Planners lean on external methods to help keep their Doers in check, others adopt <em>internal <\/em>strategies. A primary example of an internal method of self-control is \u201cmental accounting\u201d\u2014<strong>the process whereby individuals or households designate funds for particular uses<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Automatic Thinking in Action: Savings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A troubling economic trend among contemporary Americans is the declining savings rate. (In 2005, thanks to abundant, cheap credit and low interest rates, Americans spent more and the American savings rate was actually <em>negative <\/em>for the first time since the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/great-depression-and-the-new-deal\/\">Great Depression<\/a>.) Given the ever-growing strains on the Social Security system, which is likely headed for insolvency, Americans will need to save more <em>themselves<\/em> to enjoy a comfortable retirement. But how do you get people to save more without infringing the principles of economic liberty?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thaler and Sunstein propose two nudges: <strong>automatic enrollment in savings plans and a new savings vehicle, the \u201cSave More Tomorrow\u201d program<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Save More Tomorrow<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Another way to nudge workers, especially younger ones, to increase their savings rate is to adopt a program of escalating contribution percentages<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Developed by Thaler and another behavioral economist named Shlomo Benartzi, the Save More Tomorrow program ties contribution increases to pay raises. With each raise, an employee\u2019s contribution to his or her retirement plan increases by a predetermined percentage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the pilot implementation of a Save More Tomorrow plan in 1998, researchers found that a large majority\u2014nearly 80%\u2014of employees who were resistant to increasing their savings rate immediately were amenable to the Save More Tomorrow option. <strong>As it turned out, the workers who opted into the program ended up saving the <\/strong><strong><em>most <\/em><\/strong><strong>among their colleagues; and when they maxed out their allowable contribution under the terms of the plan, they simply left their contribution at that maximum rate (the human tendency to inertia at work!).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, the most effective way to nudge workers toward a Save More Tomorrow program is to automatically enroll people in it. The Safelite Group was the first to auto-enroll its employees in a Save More Tomorrow program, and it saw only 6% opt out after its first year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is automatic thinking? How does it differ from reflective thinking? Automatic thinking is your instant reaction. It is different from thinking that is part of the Reflective System. When you use automatic thinking, you make decisions quickly and without much consideration. Read more about automatic thinking and what it is used for.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-15663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-psychology","tag-nudge","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Automatic Thinking: When Your Subconscious Drives - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When you do something without really thinking about it, that&#039;s automatic thinking. Learn how automatic thinking helps and hurts you.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Automatic Thinking: When Your Subconscious Drives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you do something without really thinking about it, that&#039;s automatic thinking. Learn how automatic thinking helps and hurts you.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-26T23:57:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-12T21:14:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Nudge-automatic-thinking-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rina Shah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rina Shah\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d07435826f13a8f422d5d333dceac287\"},\"headline\":\"Automatic Thinking: When Your Subconscious Drives\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-26T23:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-12T21:14:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\"},\"wordCount\":801,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Nudge-automatic-thinking-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Nudge\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lifestyle\",\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/\",\"name\":\"Automatic Thinking: When Your Subconscious Drives - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/automatic-thinking\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Nudge-automatic-thinking-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-26T23:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-12T21:14:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"When you do something without really thinking about it, that's automatic thinking. 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