{"id":15387,"date":"2020-09-16T09:39:58","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T13:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=15387"},"modified":"2020-09-27T15:18:41","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T19:18:41","slug":"filovirus-family","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/filovirus-family\/","title":{"rendered":"The Filovirus Family: The 4 Ebola Viruses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is the filovirus family of viruses? What viruses are in the filovirus family? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The filovirus family is a group of viruses that includes the Ebola virus. Filovirus means &#8220;thread virus&#8221; and refers to the way the virus looks under a microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to find out more about the viruses in the Filovirus family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Filovirus Family<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebola belongs to a family of viruses named filoviruses, meaning \u201cthread viruses,\u201d because they look like threads or ropes under a microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are four viruses in the filovirus family:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Marburg, the mildest strain, with a kill rate of 1 in 4<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ebola-sudan\/\">Ebola Sudan<\/a>, with a kill rate of about 1 in 2<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/zaire-ebolavirus\/\">Ebola Zaire<\/a>, the deadliest strain, with a kill rate of 9 in 10&nbsp;<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ebola-reston\/\">Ebola Reston<\/a>, which we\u2019ll discuss in Part 2&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Since the book\u2019s publication, three more filoviruses have been identified, all of which are strains of Ebola: Bundibugyo, Ta\u00ef Forest, and Bombali.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the exception of Ebola Reston, <strong>filoviruses if the filovirus family don\u2019t appear to discriminate between people and animals, and can jump from one to the other.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Marburg Virus<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One virus in the filoviridae family is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ebola-marburg\/\">Marburg virus<\/a>. Marburg\u2019s kill rate among patients treated in hospitals is about 1 in 4, which makes Marburg an extremely lethal virus. By comparison, yellow fever\u2019s kill rate is about 1 in 20, and it is considered highly lethal.&nbsp;Filovirus, Ebola, and Marburg are all considered very deadly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Marburg virus attacks organs, intestines, skin, and connective tissue throughout the body.<\/strong> Its symptoms include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Extensive bruising<\/li><li>Blood clots throughout the body, from organs to extremities<\/li><li>Hemorrhages from every orifice<\/li><li>Black vomit, a mixture of arterial blood and black specks that indicate hemorrhage<\/li><li>Impaired central nervous system<\/li><li>Destroyed brain, leading to personality changes, memory loss, and an expressionless face<\/li><li>Swollen testicles in male victims<\/li><li>Peeling skin on survivors\u2019 faces, hands, feet, and genitals during recovery&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The virus is extremely virulent and highly infective, and it can live in corpses\u2019 eyeballs for months after death.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Besides the kill rate, there are no major identifiable differences between Marburg and Ebola. <a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2005\/03\/marburg-vs-ebola-what-s-the-difference.html\">Scientists don\u2019t know why Ebola is deadlier than Marburg<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ebola Virus<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebola virus particles are composed of seven different proteins\u2014each of which scientists know little to nothing about\u2014and a strand of RNA, which contains the virus\u2019s genetic information and instructions for the virus\u2019s replication.&nbsp;Ebola viruses in the filoviridae family are highly infective. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Viruses are parasites. They lie dormant until they can use their sticky surface to latch onto another cell. The cell envelopes the virus, at which point the virus uses the cell\u2019s materials to create copies of itself. <strong>The virus continues replicating until the cell either bursts or is exhausted and destroyed.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Filovirus and Ebola viruses targets the immune system, preventing victims\u2019 bodies from fighting off the disease. However, Ebola\u2019s lethality doesn\u2019t benefit the virus: <strong>When a virus\u2019s host dies, it must jump to another host, or else it will also die. <\/strong>The only two \u201cjobs\u201d of a&nbsp; virus are to survive and replicate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists believe Ebola is transmitted through the blood and bodily fluids of infected victims and corpses. But <strong>if the virus mutated to become airborne, it would have the potential to snowball into a pandemic\u2014and with a 50-90% kill rate, the effects would be devastating.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although Ebola belongs to the filovirus family, it\u2019s distantly related to other diseases, including:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Rabies&nbsp;<\/li><li>Measles<\/li><li>Mumps<\/li><li>Parainfluenza virus, which causes the common cold in children&nbsp;<\/li><li>Respiratory syncytial virus, which causes potentially fatal pneumonia in AIDS patients<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebola\u2019s connections to these diseases are evident in certain symptoms, including rashes (like measles) and psychosis (like rabies).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ebola Zaire<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebola Zaireis another virus in the filoviridae family. shares many symptoms with other filoviruses, but <strong>Ebola Zaire is the most aggressive of the filoviruses, digesting all the organs and tissues in victims\u2019 bodies until they liquefy into a slime of replicated virus particles.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is how Ebola Zaire affects different parts of victims\u2019 bodies:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Blood<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Blood clots start to clog the bloodstream, getting stuck on the walls of blood vessels and in capillaries, which cuts off blood supply to different areas of the body.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Sections of brain, breast tissue, intestines, kidneys, liver, lungs, skin, and testicles begin to die from lack of blood supply.&nbsp;<\/li><li>All the body\u2019s coagulation factors (proteins that allow blood to clot) are used up internally\u2014causing the excessive blood clots\u2014while the blood that leaves the body can\u2019t clot, simply bleeding incessantly.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Victims bleed from the mouth, including around the teeth and salivary glands.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The eyeballs fill with blood, sometimes causing blood to run from them like tears, and potentially causing blindness.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Skin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hemorrhages under the skin create visible red spots, which quickly spread to become large bruises.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Skin collagen breaks down, causing the layers beneath the skin to liquefy, causing tiny white blisters to appear on the skin.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The skin becomes fragile, easily tearing off and ripping. The surfaces and linings of the tongue, back of the throat, and windpipe also shed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Organs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The heart hemorrhages, filling the heart chambers and chest cavity with blood.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The intestines fill with blood, while their lining sheds and is excreted.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Blood clots cause the kidneys to fail, at which point the blood becomes contaminated with urine.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The liver becomes swollen and yellow, then liquefies, and finally dies and rots while the victim is still alive.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The spleen hardens into a massive blood clot.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Many of the organs begin dying and dissolving before the victim is dead.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Brain<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dead blood cells clog the brain. Some victims suffer hemispherical strokes, paralyzing one side of the body.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Victims often suffer grand mal seizures, during which their entire body convulses. The seizures cause the blood that is hemorrhaging from every orifice to splatter around the area. <strong>Seizures typically happen in the final stages, and the blood splatter gives the virus a chance to jump to a new host before its current host dies.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>After death, the body continues to liquefy, oozing fluids that are packed with virus particles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Filoviruses, Ebola, and Marburg are all highly contagious and are still being studied. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the filovirus family of viruses? What viruses are in the filovirus family? The filovirus family is a group of viruses that includes the Ebola virus. Filovirus means &#8220;thread virus&#8221; and refers to the way the virus looks under a microscope. Keep reading to find out more about the viruses in the Filovirus family.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,24],"tags":[131],"class_list":["post-15387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-society","tag-the-hot-zone","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Filovirus Family: The 4 Ebola Viruses - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the filovirus family, and what does it have to do with Ebola? There are four strains of Ebola in the filovirus family. 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