{"id":1485,"date":"2019-09-21T20:13:16","date_gmt":"2019-09-22T00:13:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=1485"},"modified":"2021-11-12T16:01:06","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T20:01:06","slug":"nike-ipo-1980","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/","title":{"rendered":"Nike&#8217;s IPO: When Nike Finally Went Public"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In 1980, Nike finally went public through their IPO, 18 years after Phil Knight got started in the shoe industry with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/blue-ribbon-sports-nike-history\/\">Blue Ribbon Sports<\/a>. Learn about the history of Nike&#8217;s IPO and their long refusal to go public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1977<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sales reach $70 million. A trusted business adviser laughs at how precarious their float situation is, and <strong>he insists going public with a Nike IPO is mandatory to solve their cash flow problem. <\/strong>Otherwise, Phil might lose his company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And then a bomb drops. US Customs wants $25 million for retroactive duties on shoes. This is based on an esoteric rule, the \u201cAmerican Selling Price.\u201d In essence, the ASP required import duties on nylon shoes to be 20% of the manufacturing cost, <em>unless <\/em>there\u2019s a similar shoe on the marketplace \u2013 then it\u2019s 20% of the selling price of the competitor\u2019s shoe. A few American competitors like Converse and Keds declared their shoes similar and lobbied hard for this duty. They want to stifle Nike.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1980<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the final year detailed in <em>Shoe Dog<\/em>, the year when Nike finally goes public through their IPO, 18 years after Phil Knight got started in the shoe industry with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/blue-ribbon-sports-nike-history\/\">Blue Ribbon Sports<\/a>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tired of the plodding pace with US Customs and their fine, Nike goes on the offense. First, Nike launches its own low-cost nylon shoe, called the One Line. The import duties use a comparable shoe as the pricing benchmark, giving rise to the $25 million price. By using their own shoe as the comparable, they might reduce the claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, they produce a TV ad telling the story of the little Oregon company fighting the big bad government. Being forced to do this was un-American, it says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, Nike files a $25 million antitrust suit against their competitors and rubber companies, who had conspired to cripple them.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With so much heat, US Customs decide they wanted to move on. They initiate settlement talks, starting at $20 million, then $15 million. Phil doesn\u2019t want to pay anything, even though they need to resolve this to go public, and they need to go public to survive. Eventually they settle on a final number &#8211; $9 million. Phil doesn\u2019t like it, but he agrees. When writing the check, he muses that Nike has come a long way since he wrote his $1 million check in 1975 to pay Nissho \u2013 $1 million that he didn\u2019t have.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now they can go public, but <strong>Phil is still terrified of losing control of Nike through an IPO, that thousands of shareholders will ruin the Nike culture<\/strong>. Their solution is to issue two classes of stock \u2013 ordinary class B shares with one vote, and preferred class A shares for the current team that would let them name \u00be of the board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nike Goes Public<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When they return from China, the Nike IPO process is in full swing.<\/strong> In September, they file to create 20 million shares of class A stock and 30 million of class B. 30 million shares would be held in reserve, and 2 million class B shares are sold to the public, somewhere between $18 and $22 per share. 56% of the class A shares would be held by the early team \u2013 Bowerman, their earliest investors, the Buttfaces, and <strong>Phil, who would personally own 46%<\/strong>. They agree that Nike needs to be run by one person, with one steady vision.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They go on their Nike IPO roadshow, convincing investors of the value of Nike. Phil tells stories to bankers about the company\u2019s history, their dogged diligence, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-waffle-shoes-history\/\">Bowerman\u2019s experiments with his waffle iron<\/a>. He wants the New York bankers to know that these Oregonians weren\u2019t messing around.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a perfect time to be reflective and nostalgic. Phil remembers all the struggles they endured, not being able to pay <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nissho-iwai-nike-history\/\">Nissho<\/a>, their paychecks bouncing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jeff-johnson-nike\/\">Johnson\u2019s endless letters<\/a> asking for encouragement. Phil\u2019s mom remembers the first time she bought Phil\u2019s Onitsuka shoes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phil wants no less than $22 per share. He believes they\u2019re worth that much. <strong>A company called Apple is also going public that week, and he believes Nike is worth no less than they are.<\/strong> The bankers initially disagree, but Phil stands his ground, and they relent.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They finally go public with the Nike IPO. <strong>Instantly, the team is made. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/bill-bowerman-nike-phil-knight\/\">Bowerman<\/a> is worth $9 million; Woodell, Johnson, Hayes and Strasser each about $6 million; Phil, $178 million.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phil muses on becoming a businessman, a word he dislikes. To him, business isn\u2019t about money or deals or fixing problems. It\u2019s about the mission of contributing to other humans. It\u2019s about making strangers happier or healthier, efficiently and intelligently.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He recalls all the sports matches he\u2019s seen where a team had a big lead in the final quarter, relaxed, and lost the game. Even though he\u2019s now wealthier than he had ever imagined, nothing had really changed. So he goes back to work.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1980, Nike finally went public through their IPO, 18 years after Phil Knight got started in the shoe industry with Blue Ribbon Sports. Learn about the history of Nike&#8217;s IPO and their long refusal to go public.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,31],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-1485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-money","tag-shoe-dog","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nike&#039;s IPO: When Nike Finally Went Public - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nike went public with its IPO in 1980. It&#039;s a long road, and founder Knight isn&#039;t sure he wants to go public. 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Here&#039;s the history of Shoe Dog.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-22T00:13:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-12T20:01:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/shoe-dog-waffle.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"654\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"455\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Allen Cheng\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Allen Cheng\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Allen Cheng\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e9c1cecc340502045489d4c4e6f4a877\"},\"headline\":\"Nike&#8217;s IPO: When Nike Finally Went Public\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-22T00:13:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-12T20:01:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/\"},\"wordCount\":811,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/shoe-dog-waffle.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Shoe Dog\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Business\",\"Money\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/\",\"name\":\"Nike's IPO: When Nike Finally Went Public - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/nike-ipo-1980\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/shoe-dog-waffle.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-22T00:13:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-12T20:01:06+00:00\",\"description\":\"Nike went public with its IPO in 1980. 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