{"id":14849,"date":"2020-09-30T09:07:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T13:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=14849"},"modified":"2020-10-01T17:46:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T21:46:51","slug":"who-is-ray-dalio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-is-ray-dalio\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Is Ray Dalio? The Top Hedge Fund Manager"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Who is Ray Dalio? What are his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/principles-for-life\/\">Principles for Life<\/a> and Work, and how did he developed them?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ray Dalio is the founder of the hedge fund company Bridgewater. Dalio developed his principles based on his experience running Bridewater and other business ventures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to find out the answer to the question &#8220;who is Ray Dalio?&#8221; and all about his early life and early days at Bridgewater. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Who is Ray Dalio? <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Who is Ray Dalio? First, read about Ray Dalio&#8217;s background and then learn about his early career and later involvement at the famed firm, Bridgewater. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So who is Ray Dalio? He is a New York native. Ray Dalio grew up in Long Island as an only child. His father was a jazz musician and his mother was a stay-at-home mom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He describes his early character traits:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He had a bad memory and disliked <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/rote-learning-method\/\">rote memorization<\/a>.<\/li><li>He didn\u2019t like following instructions.<\/li><li>He was very curious.<\/li><li>He liked figuring things out for himself.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, he didn\u2019t like school, since what his teachers were teaching never seemed all that important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But when he did develop an interest in something, he was unstoppable. He eagerly worked for money starting at age eight, delivering newspapers, shoveling snow, caddying at a golf club, and working in a restaurant. He found that independently handling money taught him far more useful lessons than school did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1960s when he grew up, the United States was on a tear. Everything seemed to be improving, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ambitious-goals\/\">ambitious goals<\/a> like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/interstellar-space-travel\/\">space travel<\/a> rallied the nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Importantly for Dalio\u2019s life trajectory, the stock market was doing great, quadrupling over the previous ten years. After hearing people talk about buying stocks at the golf course he was caddying at, Dalio bought shares of Northeast Airlines because it was the only company he found that sold for less than $5 a share. He bought as many shares as he could, figuring that more shares would earn him more money. In retrospect, this was a dumb strategy, but he got lucky\u2014he tripled his money. He thought making money investing was easy, and he got hooked on the stock market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He started getting as many annual reports from public companies as he could and digging into them. Like many others, he tried to pick the best stocks to get the best returns. His early involvement in the stock market helped formulate the answer to the question &#8220;who is Ray Dalio?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1966 would be the stock market\u2019s top. He would soon learn a lot of lessons about financial markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>College and Starting Bridgewater: 1967-1979<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dalio had a C average in high school and attended a local college, C.W. Post. But he enjoyed college since he could study things that he was actually interested in. He majored in finance and graduated in 1971 with nearly perfect grades, which got him into Harvard Business School.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>History Repeats Itself<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>During this time, the United States faced social turmoil with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/tim-obrien-vietnam\/\">Vietnam War<\/a>, and economic turmoil with a declining stock market and currency fluctuations. By watching the news and the market, Dalio began sensing a bigger picture and the cause-effect relationships that determine how the market moves.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the summer after Dalio graduated from college, President Nixon announced that the US dollar would no longer be convertible into gold, which caused the dollar to plummet. But the next day, the stock market jumped by 4%. Dalio was confused. He spent the rest of the summer studying currency devaluations and found that this pattern had occurred in history\u2014just not in his lifetime. There was a predictable string of cause-effect relationships that made this outcome very predictable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As another example, in 1973, the US economy slowed, the stock market sank, and commodity prices shot up. While this was confusing at the time, in retrospect, there was a logical sequence of events:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Fed overspent in the 1960s, financed by debt with easy-credit policies.&nbsp;<\/li><li>When the US paid back its debts with lower-value paper money instead of gold-backed money, the US basically defaulted, and the dollar took a dive in value.<\/li><li>This created more easy credit, which led to more spending, which led to inflation. This pushed commodity prices up.<\/li><li>Then, in 1973, the Fed tried to control inflation by tightening monetary policy. This then caused stocks to crash and the economy to weaken.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though a modern event might seem novel, it has likely happened in the past, as a result of logical cause-effect relationships. Dalio committed to <strong>studying history broadly so he could become aware of more situations and how to deal with them, even if he had personally never seen them before<\/strong>. His goal became to be able to identify what situation he was in, to understand the relationships behind them, then to predict what would happen in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dalio Escalates His Trading<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>While at Harvard Business School, Dalio took an interest in trading commodities. Unlike stocks, which could stay high or low because of public perception and trading with a \u201cgreater fool,\u201d commodities like meat and grain represented real things that people would pay for at a grocery counter. This allowed Dalio to model the cause-effect relationships in the whole system, from how rain affects crop yield, to how much grain livestock eat, to what cuts of meat consumers prefer to eat. To Dalio, this looked like a \u201cbeautiful machine\u201d that he could model and predict prices of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After graduating with his MBA, Dalio worked as a commodities trader in a brokerage firm while also trading his own account. Today, he remembers his trading mistakes far more vividly than his wins. At one point, he had a big loss on pork bellies, which plummeted in value for a few days. He would hear the commodity price ticker click and clack, announcing he\u2019d just lost another sum of money. This visceral experience taught him a <strong>healthy fear of being wrong<\/strong>, and the caution to cap his losses to avoid being taken out of the game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dalio was fired from his brokerage firm for being too wild (he shares that he once punched his boss in the face). But his old clients still wanted his advice, so in 1975 he started Bridgewater Associates.&nbsp;Today when people ask &#8220;who is Ray Dalio?&#8221; the answer has something to do with Bridgewater. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bridgewater\u2019s service began by advising customers on how to handle market risks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Notably, he helped the chicken producer Lane Processing control its feed costs with corn and soybean futures, which allowed them to provide chicken at a fixed price to McDonald\u2019s. This reduced price risk for McDonald\u2019s, which allowed them to launch the McNugget in 1983.<\/li><li>He also began publishing <em>Daily Observations<\/em>, a collection of his thoughts and research.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Eventually, Bridgewater also began to buy and sell on his clients\u2019 behalf, earning a percentage of profits. Dalio\u2019s ability to visualize the market as a complex machine gave him a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/business-competitive-advantage\/\">competitive advantage<\/a> over other firms who didn\u2019t. So now when someone asks, &#8220;who is Ray Dalio?&#8221; you&#8217;ll have a complete answer from his early life to career achievements. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who is Ray Dalio? What are his Principles for Life and Work, and how did he developed them? Ray Dalio is the founder of the hedge fund company Bridgewater. Dalio developed his principles based on his experience running Bridewater and other business ventures. Keep reading to find out the answer to the question &#8220;who is Ray Dalio?&#8221; and all about his early life and early days at Bridgewater.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,29,33],"tags":[129],"class_list":["post-14849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-career","category-people","tag-principles-life-and-work","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Who Is Ray Dalio? The Top Hedge Fund Manager - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Who is Ray Dalio? Founder of the successful hedge fund, Bridgewater, Ray Dalio believes that key principles can help you succeed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-is-ray-dalio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who Is Ray Dalio? The Top Hedge Fund Manager\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Who is Ray Dalio? Founder of the successful hedge fund, Bridgewater, Ray Dalio believes that key principles can help you succeed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-is-ray-dalio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-30T13:07:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-01T21:46:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/ray-dalio-principles-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1706\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Carrie Cabral\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Carrie Cabral\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-is-ray-dalio\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/who-is-ray-dalio\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Carrie Cabral\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/2ababb7c63a94ff5d2190f71dc417d56\"},\"headline\":\"Who Is Ray Dalio? 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