{"id":140165,"date":"2025-01-19T14:28:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-19T18:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=140165"},"modified":"2025-01-27T14:37:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T18:37:05","slug":"modular-theory-of-mind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/","title":{"rendered":"The Modular Theory of Mind: How Your Mind Is Split Up"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are we consciously in charge of our thoughts and actions? What&#8217;s the modular theory of mind?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Robert Wright&#8217;s book <em>Why Buddhism Is True<\/em>, the principle of no-self dovetails neatly with the modular theory of mind. This is an idea in cognitive science that says our thoughts and behaviors arise from the activity of various mental \u201cmodules,\u201d or interconnected groups of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-are-the-regions-of-the-brain\/\">brain areas<\/a> that work together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read below to learn about the modular theory of mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-your-mind-is-constructed-of-modules\">Your Mind Is Constructed of Modules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Each module Wright describes has its own agenda, such as courting mates or finding food, and they constantly compete for control of our actions. In the modular theory of mind, our thoughts arise spontaneously, driven by feeling\u2014we don\u2019t consciously choose them.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Think about the last time you tried to resist a temptation, like a basket of french fries. It can feel like there are two &#8220;yous&#8221; in conflict\u2014one wants the fries, and the other wants to avoid unhealthy food. This internal tug-of-war makes more sense if you think of yourself not as a single cohesive \u201cself,\u201d but rather as a collection of competing impulses and desires.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Wright\u2019s explanation of modules isn\u2019t the only theory that describes the mind as made up of distinct parts. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/internal-family-systems-model\/\">Internal Family Systems<\/a> (IFS), for instance, is a therapeutic approach that <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/no-bad-parts#multiplicity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">views the psyche as a multiplicity of \u201cparts\u201d<\/a> that interact like family members. IFS views these inner parts as an adaptable system, and <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/no-bad-parts#part-two-healing-your-inner-family-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the point of IFS therapy is to \u201cheal\u201d wounded parts in order to harmonize your inner life<\/a>. In contrast to the modular view, then, IFS might view the two \u201cyous\u201d playing tug-of-war over french fries as parts in conflict\u2014and in need of positive attention\u2014rather than competing evolutionary impulses.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Wright, modular mind theorists also say that we\u2019re mistaken in thinking that we\u2019re consciously in charge of our thinking, feeling, and acting. In the modular view, your conscious self is less of a chief and more of a mediator. It \u201chears\u201d the arguments from different parts of you, but it doesn\u2019t make the decision in the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So why have consciousness at all, then? Wright says the leading hypothesis is that <strong>consciousness functions as a sort of spokesperson for your multiple inner modules<\/strong>. Evolutionarily, it would\u2019ve been useful to present a coherent self to the world\u2014if you seemed consistent and reliable, you\u2019d have been more socially accepted. You therefore would\u2019ve had better chances of surviving and reproducing. Consciousness helps you do this by rationalizing your decisions, regardless of what module wins, and making it <em>feel<\/em> like you\u2019re one coherent self. Believing that, you can then present a consistent character to the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Daniel Dennett\u2019s &#8220;multiple drafts&#8221; theory in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hachettebookgroup.com\/titles\/daniel-c-dennett\/consciousness-explained\/9780316439480\/?lens=little-brown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Consciousness Explained<\/em><\/a> suggests a different explanation for why we have consciousness. Dennett argues <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/consciousness\/#NarIntThe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">consciousness evolved as a mental workspace<\/a> where multiple &#8220;drafts&#8221; of potential thoughts and actions compete and get revised\u2014like an internal theater for testing scenarios before acting. This suggests consciousness might be less about maintaining social appearances, as Wright emphasizes, and more about creating a flexible platform for simulating choices to better navigate life. Both views agree consciousness isn&#8217;t really &#8220;in charge,&#8221; but they differ on whether its main job is social presentation or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/mentally-rehearse\/\">mental rehearsal<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Wright, these scientific theories validate the principle of no-self. Like Buddhism, they say that our selves are far less concrete, permanent, or under control than we think. And where Buddhism doesn\u2019t provide rigorous, empirical evidence, science does.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are we consciously in charge of our thoughts and actions? What&#8217;s the modular theory of mind? According to Robert Wright&#8217;s book Why Buddhism Is True, the principle of no-self dovetails neatly with the modular theory of mind. This is an idea in cognitive science that says our thoughts and behaviors arise from the activity of various mental \u201cmodules,\u201d or interconnected groups of brain areas that work together. Read below to learn about the modular theory of mind.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":140222,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,6],"tags":[1728],"class_list":["post-140165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-spiritual","tag-why-buddhism-is-true","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Modular Theory of Mind: How Your Mind Is Split Up - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to Robert Wright, the brain is made of different modules that compete for attention. 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Discover the modular theory of mind here.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-19T18:28:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-27T18:37:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gears-in-human-brain.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"616\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katie Doll\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Katie Doll\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Katie Doll\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c3e1b539e89423b544ede91ab2bff937\"},\"headline\":\"The Modular Theory of Mind: How Your Mind Is Split Up\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-19T18:28:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-27T18:37:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/\"},\"wordCount\":612,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gears-in-human-brain.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Why Buddhism Is True\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Spiritual\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/\",\"name\":\"The Modular Theory of Mind: How Your Mind Is Split Up - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/modular-theory-of-mind\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gears-in-human-brain.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-19T18:28:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-27T18:37:05+00:00\",\"description\":\"According to Robert Wright, the brain is made of different modules that compete for attention. 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