{"id":139543,"date":"2025-01-07T23:48:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=139543"},"modified":"2025-01-14T15:02:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T19:02:20","slug":"teresa-torres-customer-interviews","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/teresa-torres-customer-interviews\/","title":{"rendered":"Teresa Torres: Customer Interviews Should Be Story-Based"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why do customers struggle to accurately describe their own behavior? What&#8217;s the most effective way to conduct <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/interviewing-customers\/\">customer interviews<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teresa Torres&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/customer-interviews\/\">customer interview<\/a> methodology, detailed in her book <em>Continuous Discovery Habits<\/em>, offers a practical approach to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/understanding-customer-needs\/\">understanding customer needs<\/a>. Her story-based interviewing technique helps product teams gather authentic insights by focusing on specific experiences rather than general feedback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn how Torres&#8217;s approach to customer interviews can transform your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/inspired-product-management\/\">product discovery<\/a> process and lead to better outcomes for your business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-teresa-torres-on-customer-interviews\">Teresa Torres on Customer Interviews<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Teresa Torres, customer interviews are an integral part of the continual <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/product-discovery-process\/\">product discovery process<\/a>. She explains that, without discovery practices, companies will be unable to keep up with customer needs and desires. Therefore, to maintain a practice of ongoing discovery, <strong>companies should interview customers no less than once a week<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, a challenge with customer interviews is that customers usually aren\u2019t very good at describing their own behavior. Their thinking is constrained by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cognitive-heuristics\/\">cognitive biases<\/a> and a lack of understanding of what could be different. For example, a customer might say they base their decisions about which laptop to buy based on how much memory it has, but in reality, the computer\u2019s appearance may have a greater impact on their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/purchasing-habits\/\">purchasing habits<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/predictably-irrational\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Predictably Irrational<\/em><\/a>, Dan Ariely expands on the idea that customers aren\u2019t very good at describing their own behavior. He argues that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/predictably-irrational#irrationality-trigger-5-emotional-arousal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">we have two selves that drive our decisions<\/a>: one that\u2019s in a \u201ccool state\u201d that can make decisions rationally, and another that\u2019s in an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/emotional-arousal\/\">emotionally aroused<\/a> state, which leads us to make less rational decisions. When we\u2019re in a cool state, we\u2019re generally unable to predict how we\u2019ll feel in a future emotionally aroused state\u2014like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/news\/podcasts\/speaking-of-psychology\/shopping-behavior\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the emotionally aroused state we\u2019re in when we shop<\/a>. Checking in frequently\u2014or weekly, as Torres recommends\u2014with customers can help bridge that gap between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/methods-of-decision-making-crucial-conversations\/\">decision-making<\/a> states.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-story-based-interviewing\">Story-Based Interviewing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Because of the difficulties customers have in describing their behavior, Torres advocates story-based interviewing rather than asking direct questions about behavior. This involves <strong>asking customers to share specific, recent experiences rather than general observations<\/strong>. For example, instead of asking them what features they look for in a new laptop, ask them to describe the last time they bought a new laptop. As they describe it, dig into their story further with timeline-based questions, such as prompting them to start at the beginning, then asking what happened next, and so on.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you\u2019ve gathered all this information, have your three-person <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/product-development-team\/\">product development team<\/a> reflect on it and draw conclusions about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/customer-needs-and-wants\/\">customer needs and wants<\/a>. From there, determine what problems you want to address and what end goal you want to achieve. This will lead you to your next step: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-brainstorm-effectively\/\">brainstorming<\/a> solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The Drawbacks of Story-Based Interviewing<\/strong><br><br>While story-based interviewing can help you get a clearer picture of a customer\u2019s experience, it may still be subject to biases or errors. People may demonstrate <a href=\"https:\/\/nesslabs.com\/memory-bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">memory biases or distortions<\/a>\u2014the recency bias can cause customers to primarily remember experiences that happened more recently, for example. The choice-supportive bias might lead them to overemphasize aspects of their experience that were the result of choices they made rather than aspects that happened to them without their choosing. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/the-superhuman-mind\/202201\/perception-and-the-unreliability-episodic-memory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Episodic memory (the memory of experiences we\u2019ve had) is also especially prone to distortion<\/a>, meaning that customers\u2019 recalling of events may not always be accurate.<br><br>You may find it beneficial to devise other means of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-gather-information-2\/\">gathering information<\/a> on customer needs and wants to inform your product development. For example, some experts recommend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/councils\/theyec\/2019\/06\/13\/10-smart-ways-to-collect-and-utilize-customer-feedback\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gathering feedback from customers immediately after providing them with a service<\/a>, which could prevent the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/memory-distortions\/\">memory distortions<\/a> that happen over time from affecting their input.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exercise\">Exercise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Following Torres\u2019s story-based interviewing approach, write three specific questions you could ask customers to learn about their experiences using your product or a similar one. Remember to focus on recent, specific experiences rather than general observations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why do customers struggle to accurately describe their own behavior? What&#8217;s the most effective way to conduct customer interviews? Teresa Torres&#8217;s customer interview methodology, detailed in her book Continuous Discovery Habits, offers a practical approach to understanding customer needs. Her story-based interviewing technique helps product teams gather authentic insights by focusing on specific experiences rather than general feedback. Keep reading to learn how Torres&#8217;s approach to customer interviews can transform your product discovery process and lead to better outcomes for your business.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":139548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,104,103],"tags":[1719],"class_list":["post-139543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-marketing","category-sales","tag-continuous-discovery-habits","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Teresa Torres: Customer Interviews Should Be Story-Based - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Teresa Torres says you should interview customers at least once a week, and specific experiences trump general observations. 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