{"id":136735,"date":"2024-12-12T13:06:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T17:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=136735"},"modified":"2024-12-19T13:33:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T17:33:13","slug":"what-drives-the-stock-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-drives-the-stock-market\/","title":{"rendered":"What Drives the Stock Market? The Psychological Factors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are you looking to invest in the stock market? What drives the stock market?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Howard Marks, the securities market cycle fluctuates per shifts in investor psychology that depend upon underlying foundational cycles. He argues that positive investor psychology drives bubbles in which securities become wildly overpriced, leading to crashes in which they become underpriced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below we&#8217;ll look at what makes prices go up or down in the market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-factors-behind-the-stock-market\">The Factors Behind the<strong> Stock Market<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Initial upticks in foundational cycles\u2014for example, a steady rebound in GDP or profits that slightly exceed projections\u2014are what drive the stock market because a handful of investors begin to purchase securities. Over time, as more people become aware of these upticks, more investors purchase securities. At this point, greed and risk tolerance begin to infiltrate the market as investors expect prices to rise indefinitely.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-most-important-thing\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Most Important Thing<\/em><\/a>, Marks clarifies that in addition to greed and risk tolerance, <em>conformity <\/em>can cause investors to unwittingly participate in bull markets (those whose prices are rising considerably). He writes that <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-most-important-thing\/1-page-summary#common-psychological-pitfalls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">many investors mindlessly do whatever their fellow investors do<\/a>, causing them to make <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/humans-are-irrational\/\">irrational decisions<\/a> whenever the consensus view is mistaken.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Marks, these greedy, risk-tolerant investors drive prices further until they form a <em>bubble<\/em>\u2014that is, a situation in which securities\u2019 prices far outstrip their true value. The defining aspect of a bubble, he argues, is <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>emotionally driven belief that the market will only <\/strong><strong><em>ever <\/em><\/strong><strong>go up<\/strong>, regardless of its current pricing. In other words, bubbles represent the victory of speculative, emotional investing over collected, rational investing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/irrational-exuberance\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Irrational Exuberance<\/em><\/a>, Robert Shiller explains that the strength of <em>moral anchors<\/em>\u2014that is, the <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/irrational-exuberance\/1-page-summary#the-limits-of-speculative-bubbles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">narratives that convince investors to keep their money invested<\/a> rather than selling their stocks and cashing it\u2014determines how long a bubble will last. For example, investors in 2024 might accept the narrative that the explosion of AI products like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-can-you-do-with-chatgpt\/\">ChatGPT<\/a> will cause tech stocks to grow unchecked until 2030, at which point they\u2019ll begin to sell. So, unlike Marks, Shiller doesn\u2019t think bubbles require investors to believe the market will <em>always <\/em>go up, but rather that it\u2019ll go up for a certain amount of time.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, this bubble will eventually burst when a few rational investors begin to realize that securities are overpriced and sell them en masse, causing a <em>crash<\/em>\u2014that is, a situation in which securities prices drop rapidly, making them dip below their true value. The defining feature of a crash, Marks relates, is the inverse of a bubble: In a crash, <strong>the emotionally charged belief that the market will only ever <\/strong><strong><em>fall <\/em><\/strong><strong>reigns supreme<\/strong>. Thus crashes and bubbles alike both require investors to stop acting rationally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In the most severe crashes, it can take decades for investors to regain faith in the markets and bring them back to pre-crash heights. For example, following the stock market crash of 1929, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/great-depression\/1929-stock-market-crash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dow Jones Industrial Average didn\u2019t return to its pre-1929 peak until 1954<\/a>, 25 years later.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-probabilistic-market\">The Probabilistic Market<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Although Marks\u2019s portrayal of the market cycle sounds straightforward, he clarifies that in reality, the situation is more complex. Rather than psychological cycles <em>guaranteeing <\/em>bubbles and crashes, Marks contends that <strong>psychological cycles make these bubbles and crashes <em>much more likely<\/em><\/strong>. In other words, the securities market follows <em>probabilistic <\/em>rules rather than <em>deterministic <\/em>rules.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, this means that greedy, risky investing doesn\u2019t ensure that a bubble will form that eventually causes prices to plummet; it merely makes it more likely. Conversely, it also means that fearful, risk-averse investing after a crash doesn\u2019t always precede a rise in security prices; it merely makes it more likely that securities will increase in price.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Against Marks\u2019s claim that the market is probabilistic\u2014such that greedy markets are more likely to fall and fearful markets are more likely to rise\u2014some economists embrace the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/random-walk-hypothesis\/\">random walk hypothesis<\/a><\/em>. According to this hypothesis, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/r\/randomwalktheory.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">securities\u2019 prices change with no discernible pattern<\/a>, much like an individual going on a random walk. Consequently, economists who accept this thesis deny that it\u2019s possible to gain an edge on the stock market since nobody can know which direction the market is likely to move toward.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you looking to invest in the stock market? What drives the stock market? According to Howard Marks, the securities market cycle fluctuates per shifts in investor psychology that depend upon underlying foundational cycles. He argues that positive investor psychology drives bubbles in which securities become wildly overpriced, leading to crashes in which they become underpriced. Below we&#8217;ll look at what makes prices go up or down in the market.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":137499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,31,9],"tags":[1680],"class_list":["post-136735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-money","category-psychology","tag-mastering-the-market-cycle","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Drives the Stock Market? The Psychological Factors - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New investors may wonder what drives stock market prices up and down. 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