{"id":136457,"date":"2024-12-07T12:41:57","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T16:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=136457"},"modified":"2025-10-03T11:31:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T15:31:10","slug":"surprise-in-a-story","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Build Suspense and Surprise in a Story: Methods &amp; Tips"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Want to know how to build suspense and surprise in a story? How can you leverage surprise to captivate an audience?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suspense and surprise are very important when it comes to keeping an audience dialed into your story. Matthew Dicks, an oral storytelling pro, shares techniques for doing both and why they&#8217;re so important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are two techniques for building suspense and an explanation of how to leverage surprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p><em>Editor\u2019s note: This article is part of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hub\/society-culture\/arts\/storytelling-guide\/\">Shortform\u2019s guide to storytelling<\/a>. If you like what you read here, there\u2019s plenty more to check out in the guide!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-build-suspense\">How to Build Suspense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dicks explains that <strong>building suspense\u2014a sense of nervous anticipation\u2014helps you maintain the audience\u2019s interest in your story<\/strong>. Here are two techniques you can use to build suspense:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1) Foreshadowing: <\/strong>Foreshadowing, which Dicks calls \u201cbreadcrumbing,\u201d involves subtly hinting at developments that will unfold later in the story. For example, if your story is about how you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-face-your-fears\/\">faced your fear<\/a> of heights, you might make an offhand comment early on about your hesitation to go on a ferris wheel. By dropping small, seemingly insignificant clues early on, you weave a thread of tension throughout the narrative and make the audience curious about what\u2019s to come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2) Slow pacing: <\/strong>When you\u2019re approaching a pivotal moment in your story, intentionally slow the narrative\u2019s pace by incorporating additional, seemingly trivial details. For example, if your story is building up to your discovery of a hidden letter that reveals a family secret, you might describe in detail your painstaking journey through a cluttered attic, focusing on your meticulous examination of old trunks and dusty boxes. Dicks says this slow, deliberate buildup intensifies the suspense, making the eventual reveal more dramatic and impactful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Lisa Cron on Building Suspense<\/strong><br><br>Dicks argues that suspense is crucial for keeping your audience engaged. In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/wired-for-story\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Wired for Story<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Cron explains <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/wired-for-story#suspense-and-reveals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">why suspense is such a powerful attention-getter<\/a>: According to Cron, humans have <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/wired-for-story#how-to-hook-the-reader\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">an innate need to make sense of every piece of information they learn<\/a>. When you build suspense, you withhold some of the information your audience needs to understand the big picture. As a result, the audience senses that they need to keep reading (or listening) to fill in the gaps.<br><br>Like Dicks, Cron recommends that you use foreshadowing to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-create-suspense-in-a-story\/\">create suspense<\/a>. Cron explains that when you drop small clues about what\u2019s to come, you give your audience <em>memories <\/em>they can use to connect all the dots in your story. Cron adds that foreshadowing is especially important when the story\u2019s protagonist\u2014in this case, you\u2014makes a decision that seems out of character. Your audience can rely on your early hints to understand the motivation behind that choice, making it feel more believable.<br><br>Cron also offers <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/wired-for-story#pacing-and-timing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tips on pacing<\/a>. First, she recommends using subplots to give readers some distance from the major conflict and allow them to process what\u2019s happened so far. Say you\u2019re telling a story about your discovery of a hidden letter that reveals a family secret. Introducing a subplot where you navigate a complicated relationship with a family member\u2014like a sibling who doubts the need to uncover the past\u2014can give the audience a chance to weigh the situation\u2019s emotional stakes.<br><br>Second, you can slow the pace of your story with flashbacks. Cron says you should only incorporate flashbacks when they\u2019re necessary for understanding what happens next. So, for example, as you dig through the attic for the hidden letter, you might insert a flashback that reveals a childhood memory related to your family\u2019s complex history.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-leverage-surprise\">How to Leverage Surprise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dicks explains that surprise in a story is a powerful emotion that you can leverage to captivate your audience. To create a sense of surprise, Dicks recommends emphasizing contrast: Include details, actions, and events that make it seem as if the story\u2019s going in a predictable direction. Then, <strong>follow with an unexpected turn that disrupts the audience\u2019s expectations<\/strong> and redefines the narrative.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/story\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Story<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Robert McKee refers to this technique as a <em>beat<\/em>: The story\u2019s protagonist takes action toward a goal, and the world changes in an unexpected way. According to McKee, you should <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/story\/1-page-summary#ingredient-2-constant-subversion-of-expectation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">weave beats throughout your story<\/a> instead of relying on one big plot twist at the end. Constantly subverting your audience\u2019s expectations keeps them intellectually and emotionally engaged, which makes your story more compelling.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another technique Dicks offers for surprising your audience involves <strong>hiding crucial information within less significant details.<\/strong> For example, say your story is about how you pulled off a heist with the help of a local coffee shop owner. You might include a scene where you visit the coffee shop and have a mundane conversation with the owner, which the audience would view as mere background detail. They won\u2019t see it coming when you reveal the identity of your accomplice later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The success of director <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/M-Night-Shyamalan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">M. Night Shyamalan<\/a>\u2019s films, which are known for their surprising plot twists, illustrate just how effective this technique can be. Take <a href=\"https:\/\/www.filmcompanion.in\/readers-articles\/m-night-shyamalans-the-sixth-sense-an-unforgettable-plot-twist-bruce-willis-haley-joel-osment#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Sixth Sense<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>for example: Throughout the film, Shyamalan weaves in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/small-details\/\">minor details<\/a> like a character\u2019s struggle to open doors or connect with his wife. At the end of the film, the audience learns that these seemingly insignificant details are actually crucial to the plot. Spoiler alert: The character is dead, and these struggles reflect his ghostly state. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/2019\/aug\/06\/the-sixth-sense-at-20-m-night-shyamalan-bruce-willis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Critics loved how Shyamalan used this technique<\/a> to shock his audience, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Want to know how to build suspense and surprise in a story? How can you leverage surprise to captivate an audience? Suspense and surprise are very important when it comes to keeping an audience dialed into your story. Matthew Dicks, an oral storytelling pro, shares techniques for doing both and why they&#8217;re so important. Here are two techniques for building suspense and an explanation of how to leverage surprise.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":137696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[1675],"class_list":["post-136457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","tag-storyworthy","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Build Suspense and Surprise in a Story: Methods &amp; Tips - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Don&#039;t underestimate the power of suspense and surprise in a story. Here are two techniques for keeping an audience fully engaged.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Build Suspense and Surprise in a Story: Methods &amp; Tips\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Don&#039;t underestimate the power of suspense and surprise in a story. Here are two techniques for keeping an audience fully engaged.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-07T16:41:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-03T15:31:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/surprised-audience.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1068\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"599\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannah Aster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannah Aster\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f39f52830e4f7039a16e45d12354542f\"},\"headline\":\"How to Build Suspense and Surprise in a Story: Methods &amp; Tips\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-07T16:41:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-03T15:31:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/\"},\"wordCount\":933,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/surprised-audience.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Storyworthy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Communication\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/\",\"name\":\"How to Build Suspense and Surprise in a Story: Methods &amp; Tips - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/surprise-in-a-story\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/surprised-audience.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-07T16:41:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-03T15:31:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"Don't underestimate the power of suspense and surprise in a story. 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