{"id":134616,"date":"2024-11-18T12:37:46","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T16:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=134616"},"modified":"2025-09-15T11:08:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T15:08:38","slug":"what-are-the-symptoms-of-adhd-in-adults","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-are-the-symptoms-of-adhd-in-adults\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are the Symptoms of ADHD in Adults? The 3 Big Ones"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Is ADHD different in adults than children? What are the symptoms of ADHD<\/a> in adults?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ADHD isn\u2019t a diagnosis that\u2019s restricted to childhood. Many adults struggle with ADHD and its symptoms, although they may manifest differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are the signs of adult ADHD to look out for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Editor\u2019s note: This article is part of Shortform’s guide on ADHD<\/a>.\u00a0If you like what you read here, there\u2019s plenty more to check out in the guide!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Symptoms of Adult ADHD<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The common, public image of ADHD is that of a hyperactive, defiant child, but that is a vast oversimplification that ignores the deeper issues at work that follow people with ADHD into their adult lives. So, what are the symptoms of ADHD in adults? Barkley writes that adults with ADHD struggle with impaired cognitive functions that affect how their brains process information and regulate their emotions. This impairment takes the form of an inability to inhibit your actions, think beyond the present moment, and envision the likely consequences of any course of action you may take.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: The stereotypical childhood associations of ADHD that Barkley describes have roots in how the condition was discovered. Pediatricians first identified ADHD in children during the early 1900s<\/a>, which they dubbed a \u201chyperkinetic reaction of childhood.\u201d ADHD\u2019s symptoms often become more apparent in structured educational settings, making it easier to identify in school, and researchers\u2019 continual focus on children contributes to its perception as an impairment that only impacts the young. It wasn\u2019t until 1994 that the American Psychological Association recognized ADHD as a condition that persists into adulthood<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Lack of Impulse Control<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The most clear-cut symptom of adult ADHD is the inability to consciously avoid impulsive actions or to know how to appropriately respond to situations\u2014for example, knowing when not <\/em>to speak during a conversation when your impulse may be to interrupt someone else. Barkley explains this symptom\u2019s neurological cause, how impulsive behavior can overwhelm your life, and how impulsivity affects your emotions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In people without ADHD, the brain responds to external stimuli, such as phone notifications or blaring car horns, by pausing for a moment to generate a response, gauging what level of action to take, or ignoring the stimulus entirely. However, Barkley explains that in ADHD, the parts of your brain in charge of the \u201cstop, think, then act\u201d cycle are starved of the neurotransmitters they need to properly function.<\/strong> What happens, then, is that every stimulus leads to immediate action\u2014such as checking your phone or steering out of traffic to see why horns are honking. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In everyday life, ADHD\u2019s stimulus-to-action cycle manifests as impulsive behavior and a lack of inhibitions.<\/strong> Your brain literally can\u2019t stop itself. At work, you\u2019ll find it hard to complete any task when every potential distraction around you demands an immediate response. In social settings, you may talk excessively, interrupt other people, or go off on unrelated tangents because you can\u2019t self-regulate your speech. When shopping, you probably spend too much on impulse buys because your brain can\u2019t interrupt the signal between seeing something nice and sticking it in your cart. When compounded, all these impulsive acts can snowball into a debilitating torrent of out-of-control, self-sabotaging behavior<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In tandem with ADHD\u2019s effects on controlling impulsive actions, it <\/strong>can also impair your ability to regulate emotions. Barkley explains that when your brain isn\u2019t able to pause and process feelings, they come out as impulsive outbursts.<\/strong> This often leads to inconsistent emotional responses, which may be inappropriate or exaggerated in certain situations. For example, you might feel intensely angry or sad in response to a minor inconvenience, possibly expressing your exasperation by yelling or throwing objects. Likewise, you\u2019ll sometimes laugh harder at a joke that others perceive as only mildly amusing. When expressing emotions appropriately <\/strong>is a challenge, the results are communication breakdowns and difficulty connecting to others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Poor Time-Sense<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coupled with the lack of immediate self-control that ADHD causes<\/a>, you may also have an impaired relationship with time<\/a>. Barkley discusses how ADHD affects your sense of the present, the past, and the future, as well as how that can impact your everyday life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barkley argues that an important function of the \u201cstop, think, then act\u201d mental process is that it lets you build a mental image of the present, compare it to memories of the past, and make best-guess predictions of the future. When ADHD interrupts that process, you have difficulty judging the passage of time, <\/strong>and because you\u2019re not aware of time, you can\u2019t consciously manage it. You have problems estimating how much time things will take, so you\u2019ll consistently underestimate how much time you need. You\u2019ll miss deadlines and frequently run late for appointments. The people in your life may think you\u2019re unreliable, when really you\u2019re simply lacking a sense of time that most other people take for granted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ADHD doesn\u2019t just impair your ability to measure time passing in the present\u2014it also impacts your perception of time on a larger scale. Barkley states that because of ADHD, your recall of past events may be impaired, as well as your ability to envision the future. <\/strong>You may have trouble remembering specific details of your life, such as important conversations or the results of past behaviors. This becomes a struggle when you need to plan long-term projects or make decisions based on future consequences: When you can\u2019t remember your experiences, you can\u2019t reflect on and learn from them, and if you find it hard to think about the future, you can\u2019t consciously plan for it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though it\u2019s not the most visible ADHD symptom, lacking a sense of time is just as disabling as being too impulsive and not thinking through your actions. Barkley writes that you may find it nearly impossible to make plans, adhere to schedules, or follow through with set agendas.<\/strong> Suppose you have to finish a specific task at work, go to the dentist, and pick your child up from school, all in the same afternoon. Accomplishing any one of these things requires having a sense of how much time it will take, how it slots into the rest of your schedule, and how much buffer time to leave in between. Trying to keep track of all these things at once requires a cognitive model of time that ADHD undermines at every step of the way. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Impaired Higher Functions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Weakened inhibitions, a spotty memory, and an impaired sense of time aren\u2019t ADHD\u2019s only symptoms. Barkley lists several other mental functions that ADHD hinders in adults. These include the \u201cinner voice\u201d that lets you motivate yourself<\/a> and work through problems, the ability to encode lessons learned into language, and the ability to learn from reading and observation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barkley writes that adults with ADHD have trouble engaging in internal dialogue<\/a>. <\/strong>Self-talk plays a vital role in problem-solving, focused contemplation, and creating internal motivations for yourself. However, your tendency to react to every distraction makes it hard to think through options, evaluate outcomes<\/a>, or convince yourself to engage in productive behaviors that won\u2019t provide an immediate reward. If you can\u2019t maintain constructive self-talk, you can\u2019t consciously assess the consequences of different decisions. If you can\u2019t verbally motivate yourself, you\u2019ll struggle to start or complete tasks<\/a> that require sustained effort and concentration. Instead, your inner voice<\/a> may be like your outer voice, constantly flitting from one tangent to the next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just as ADHD impairs your memory of events, as we discussed in the previous section, ADHD weakens your ability to remember and organize written and verbal information<\/strong>, such as driving directions, a list of instructions, or important details like how often to take medications. This is a problem, since if you can\u2019t remember information, you can\u2019t consciously act on it. Barkley states that adults with ADHD often have a hard time retaining and comprehending information that they read or hear, such as trying to follow the plot of a book or the point a speaker makes in a lecture. ADHD even inhibits your ability to learn vicariously through observation. All of this makes any style of learning problematic for adults with ADHD.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Is ADHD different in adults than children? What are the symptoms of ADHD in adults? ADHD isn\u2019t a diagnosis that\u2019s restricted to childhood. Many adults struggle with ADHD and its symptoms, although they may manifest differently. Here are the signs of adult ADHD to look out for.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":134685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[1650],"class_list":["post-134616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-psychology","tag-taking-charge-of-adult-adhd","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Are the Symptoms of ADHD in Adults? The 3 Big Ones - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many adults experience ADHD, though not necessarily in the same ways as children. 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