{"id":129694,"date":"2024-09-10T12:35:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T16:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=129694"},"modified":"2024-09-16T12:52:13","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T16:52:13","slug":"conservatism-vs-progressivism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/","title":{"rendered":"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Are humans inherently selfish and corruptible? How does our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/views-of-human-nature\/\">view of human nature<\/a> shape our political beliefs?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steven Pinker&#8217;s <em>The Blank Slate<\/em> explores the age-old debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. He argues that traditional conservative views align more closely with scientific findings about our inherent traits and tendencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue reading to discover how Pinker&#8217;s insights challenge long-held assumptions and potentially reshape our understanding of political ideologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conservatism-vs-progressivism\">Conservatism vs. Progressivism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker contends that his account of human nature helps us assess the foundations of conservative and progressive political thought. In the ongoing debate of conservatism vs. progressivism, he argues that his account of human nature shows that<strong> conservatism rests on a stronger foundation than progressivism<\/strong>, as conservatives have traditionally assumed that humans are inherently selfish and corruptible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For context, Pinker explains that secular conservatives such as Edmund Burke have traditionally accepted the view that humans lack understanding and morality. Consequently, they prefer preserving current social traditions because they believe it\u2019s difficult to find new social structures that can accommodate humans\u2019 inherent selfishness and ignorance. For example, consider the tradition of the US\u2019s electoral college, which elects the President via state delegates whose numbers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/notesandqueries\/query\/0,5753,-14694,00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">aren\u2019t perfectly proportional to state populations<\/a>. Even if this was a suboptimal system, Burke might encourage retaining it because any replacement could be worse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Burke is perhaps best known for his reflections on the French Revolution, in which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/european-history\/french-revolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">radical revolutionaries executed the French king and queen<\/a> along with thousands of others during the Reign of Terror. According to Burke, this revolution illustrated humans\u2019 ignorance (specifically ignorance about the concept of liberty) and their disregard for time-tested social structures that ensured a stable, moral society. In other words, Burke believed the revolution showcased the <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/burke\/#RevoFran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pitfalls of trying to overthrow existing societal structures<\/a>. He concluded that we should be wary of radically changing society since the consequences can be worse than current societal flaws.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker points out that, by contrast, progressives like Rousseau have historically accepted that humans are malleable and any limits to our knowledge and morality come <em>from <\/em>flawed social structures. For this reason, progressives are quick to upend existing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/social-conditions\/\">social conditions<\/a> that they think are less than ideal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Progressive Ideals in the Prison Abolition Movement<\/strong><br><br>One particularly clear manifestation of this progressive approach is the police and <a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.tulane.edu\/abolition\/what_is_abolition#:~:text=PIC%20abolition%20is%20a%20political,alternatives%20to%20punishment%20and%20imprisonment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">prison abolition movement<\/a>. According to this movement\u2019s advocates, crime arises when society isn\u2019t meeting the needs of its citizens\u2014for example, by having an insufficient social safety net. So they contend that both police and prisons would be unnecessary in a society that properly supports its citizens.\u00a0<br><br>Some critiques of this movement mirror a common critique of Rousseau\u2019s ideas: that sweeping reforms can lead to unintended, negative consequences. For instance, historian Simon Schama analyzes how Rousseau\u2019s ideas influenced the French Revolution, arguing that <a href=\"https:\/\/penguinrandomhouselibrary.com\/book\/?isbn=9780679726104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the revolution resulted in violence and authoritarianism<\/a> rather than a utopian society. Similarly, some critics of the prison abolition movement argue that its fixation on the radical solution of <em>abolishing<\/em> prisons could scare off potential supporters who\u2019d otherwise be in favor of decarceration efforts.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Pinker, it\u2019s clear that the view of human nature that traditional conservatives accept is more accurate\u2014for example, science has shown that humans are prone to conflict and have inherently fallible consciences, just as the conservative view assumes. The progressive view, on the other hand, accepts doctrines similar to empiricism and romanticism, which Pinker already argued are misguided.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are humans inherently selfish and corruptible? How does our view of human nature shape our political beliefs? Steven Pinker&#8217;s The Blank Slate explores the age-old debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. He argues that traditional conservative views align more closely with scientific findings about our inherent traits and tendencies. Continue reading to discover how Pinker&#8217;s insights challenge long-held assumptions and potentially reshape our understanding of political ideologies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":129701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,275,9],"tags":[1582],"class_list":["post-129694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-politics","category-psychology","tag-the-blank-slate","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Steven Pinker views the debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. Learn why he thinks one comes out on top.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Steven Pinker views the debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. Learn why he thinks one comes out on top.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-10T16:35:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-16T16:52:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1344\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\"},\"headline\":\"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-10T16:35:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-16T16:52:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Blank Slate\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Philosophy\",\"Politics\",\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\",\"name\":\"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-10T16:35:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-16T16:52:13+00:00\",\"description\":\"Steven Pinker views the debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. Learn why he thinks one comes out on top.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg\",\"width\":1344,\"height\":768,\"caption\":\"Two men in suits debating each other with red, white, and blue clouds in the background depicts conservatism vs progressivism\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\",\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\"},\"description\":\"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.\",\"sameAs\":[\"rina@shortform.com\"],\"award\":[\"Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)\",\"Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)\",\"Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)\",\"Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"History\",\"Theology\",\"Government\"],\"jobTitle\":\"Senior SEO Writer\",\"worksFor\":\"Shortform\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner - Shortform Books","description":"Steven Pinker views the debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. Learn why he thinks one comes out on top.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner","og_description":"Steven Pinker views the debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. Learn why he thinks one comes out on top.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2024-09-10T16:35:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-09-16T16:52:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1344,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Elizabeth Whitworth","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elizabeth Whitworth","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/"},"author":{"name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13"},"headline":"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner","datePublished":"2024-09-10T16:35:32+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-16T16:52:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/"},"wordCount":596,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg","keywords":["The Blank Slate"],"articleSection":["Philosophy","Politics","Psychology"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/","name":"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg","datePublished":"2024-09-10T16:35:32+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-16T16:52:13+00:00","description":"Steven Pinker views the debate of conservatism vs. progressivism through the lens of human nature. Learn why he thinks one comes out on top.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg","width":1344,"height":768,"caption":"Two men in suits debating each other with red, white, and blue clouds in the background depicts conservatism vs progressivism"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/conservatism-vs-progressivism\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Conservatism vs. Progressivism: Steven Pinker Picks a Winner"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13","name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Elizabeth Whitworth"},"description":"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.","sameAs":["rina@shortform.com"],"award":["Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)","Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)","Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)","Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)"],"knowsAbout":["History","Theology","Government"],"jobTitle":"Senior SEO Writer","worksFor":"Shortform","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/conservatism-vs-progressivism.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129694"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":129700,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129694\/revisions\/129700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}